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PubMed2026

Pharmacogenomic and drug interactions risk in cardio-oncology: A precision medicine perspective for India.

Cardio-oncology patients may face complex treatment regimens due to the concurrent existence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, leading to a considerable polypharmacy burden. This significantly increases the prospect of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and gene-drug interactions. The majority of these interactions arise from comparable pharmacokinetic and pharmacological pathways associated with drug transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The significance of pharmacogenomics in tailored treatment strategies are emphasised by the fact that genetic variability enhances individual differences in drug response, safety, and efficacy. This narrative review focus on the effects of key genetic polymorphisms (e.g., DPYD, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9) on the metabolism and efficacy of commonly prescribed anticancer and cardiovascular medications such as fluoropyrimidines, clopidogrel, and warfarin. In addition it explore the role of pharmacogenomic variants on drug-drug interactions within the field of cardio-oncology. The study ultimately emphasizes the necessity of precision medicine in India to address the genetic diversity and underrepresentation in global genomic databases. The absence of pharmacogenomic testing, infrastructural deficiencies, financial constraints, and insufficient clinical integration hinder the widespread use of this technology in India. The Genome India Project and other national initiatives establish the foundation for pharmacogenomic-guided therapy. Utilizing genetic data, together with artificial intelligence-based predictive tools, for clinical decision-making may enhance medication safety and yield optimal outcomes in Indian cardio-oncology patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The psychosocial supports and interventions accessed by family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A systematic review.

AIM: Family members of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) face profound emotional, social and practical challenges, yet little is known about how they access psychosocial support. We synthesised the literature on the psychosocial support accessed by family members of patients with DEEs, including evidence-based interventions. METHOD: Four databases were searched. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, appraised study quality (QualSyst Tool), and determined certainty of evidence (GRADE-CERQual Framework). Data were synthesised using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: 28 papers comprising 27 unique studies were included and methodological quality was high overall (median = 0.91, IQR = 0.85-1.00). Most studies focused on parent experiences; only two included siblings' perspectives. Families reported high psychological needs which were rarely met by psychological support. Clinicians rarely provided adequate information, quality communication or addressed mental health. Families valued respite care, but experienced barriers to access. Peer support was the most common and valued resource. Three studies tested interventions and appeared feasible and acceptable for parents. However, evidence for intervention effectiveness is preliminary and limited to small, uncontrolled pilot studies. INTERPRETATION: Gaps exist in psychosocial support provision for families of patients with DEEs, including insufficient research on siblings' and grandparents' needs, and lack of evidence-based interventions. We propose evidence-informed research and implementation strategies to address these gaps.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Characterizing Caregiver-Child Interactions Through a Transactional Lens: A Baseline Analysis of a Caregiver-Implemented Intervention.

PURPOSE: This study was motivated by the transactional model of development and examined the reciprocal influences that children and caregivers have on caregiver-child interactions (CCXs) prior to a caregiver-implemented intervention. We tested whether child communication characteristics were associated with caregiver strategy use and whether these strategies, in turn, influenced children's communication to understand how caregivers and children mutually shaped the language learning environment. METHOD: Caregiver-child dyads (N = 105) were participants in a randomized controlled trial. CCXs were collected when children were approximately 30 months of age, transcribed, and coded for four caregiver language facilitation strategies and child communication variables. RESULTS: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression and postselection inference indicated that child communication characteristics in CCXs were associated with both the frequency and type of strategies caregivers used. Children's overall communication acts were significantly associated with caregiver use of vocabulary strategies, whereas children's vocabulary diversity was significantly associated with caregiver use of sentence strategies. Mixed-effects logistic regression demonstrated that all four caregiver strategies significantly increased the likelihood of spontaneous lexical overlap in subsequent child turns. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to the intervention, caregivers and children reciprocally shaped the language environment. This supports a transactional perspective and warrants further consideration of reciprocal influences when assessing the impact of caregiver-implemented interventions. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32995796.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improving Patient Comfort of Vibratory Anesthetic Devices With a Dampener: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Vibratory anesthetic devices (VADs) reduce dermatologic injection pain, but their vibration can feel harsh at sensitive anatomical sites. Simple modifications improving patient comfort may enhance VAD adoption. OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated whether dampening VAD vibration with a cotton buffer improves patient comfort and characterized tactile features influencing preferences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-site, participant-blinded pilot study (N = 53), adults received a dampened VAD (D-VAD) and standard VAD (S-VAD) at 5 sites-lateral nasal wall, submalar cheek, ear helix, lateral neck, and dorsal forearm-in randomized, contralateral application. Site-specific preference was analyzed with binomial and Cochran Q tests; demographic associations with univariate analyses. Word2vec and hierarchical clustering analyzed qualitative reasons behind patient preference. RESULTS: D-VAD was preferred at all sites across demographics-lateral nasal wall (88.7%), submalar cheek (84.9%), ear helix (88.7%), lateral neck (77.4%), and dorsal forearm (75.5%) (all p < .001), with strongest preference at face and head/neck (p = .018). Computational semantics analysis of qualitative responses identified 6 themes driving preference: Smoothness, Gentleness, Controlled, Low Frequency, Low Intensity, and Less Bothersome. CONCLUSION: Dampening VAD vibration with a cotton buffer enhances comfort across sensitive sites, with reduced harshness and smoother sensation underlying preference. This simple modification may improve patient experience, encouraging broader VAD adoption.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Nursing Clinical Decision-Making: An Umbrella Review.

AIM: To describe contemporary peer-reviewed literature on artificial intelligence in nurses' clinical decision-making. METHODS: An umbrella review of literature reviews. DATA SOURCES: Four major databases were searched for reviews published between 2019 and 2024. RESULTS: Sixteen literature reviews reported on 965 nursing artificial intelligence primary studies. The studies focused on technology development and emerging performance evaluations, whilst real-world testing or implementation in nursing clinical settings was rare. Rigorous comparative analyses were lacking. While artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in decision-making, challenges such as a lack of controlled studies, algorithmic bias, limited reproducibility and insufficient clinical trials hinder its practical impact. Ethical concerns, transparency and patient data privacy issues pose barriers to AI integration in nursing practice. Ethical and legal guidelines for patient privacy are needed and should be taught along with AI literacy training for nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance clinical nursing decision-making, although evidence is limited by too few examples of nurse participation during development. Underutilisation in administrative nursing functions hinders implementation. Nurses should assume a central role in the design and development of AI applications to ensure that these technologies address the realities of nursing practice. With such improvements, artificial intelligence can transform nursing practice, improve nurses' clinical decision-making and ultimately enhance consumer healthcare outcomes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: No Patient or Public Involvement. REPORTING METHOD: While there is no reporting checklist for umbrella reviews, the PRISMA guide for systematic reviews was followed.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2026

Implementation of Mobile Health Intervention Targeting Belongingness and Burdensomeness: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in LGBTQ+ Individuals.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this paper was to test a mobile health intervention designed to reduce self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in LGBTQ+ individuals. The intervention consisted of brief messages aimed at increasing feelings of belongingness and meaning. METHOD: We recruited LGBTQ+ individuals (N = 55) with past-month self-injurious thoughts and/or behaviors. Participants completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of minority stress, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Then, participants were randomly assigned to receive brief messages designed to instill belongingness and meaning/purpose, or no intervention for 14 days. Then, participants completed an additional 14 days of EMA. RESULTS: Our results showed that participants in the control condition had significant increases in self-injurious thoughts and planning over time, whereas those in the intervention condition showed no significant change. For self-injurious behavior, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness, there were significant decreases in the intervention condition, but no changes in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support for the interpersonal theory of suicide and indicate a potentially scalable mobile health intervention. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: This paper found evidence that a brief mobile health intervention reduced suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among LGBTQ+ individuals.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Morphological changes and transcriptomic insights into skeletal development of embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

To explore morphological features and molecular dynamics underlying skeletogenesis in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, we conducted combined morphological observation and comparative transcriptome analyses across representative embryonic and larval developmental stages. Morphological results showed that triradiate spicules first emerged at the gastrula stage. The 8-arm pluteus stage was identified as a key phase for skeletal remodeling, during which new three-radiate crystals transformed into complex stereoscopic ossicles including tube feet, spines and test plates. Transcriptomic data indicated that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were downregulated from the blastula to gastrula. The altered expression of basal metabolic genes and extracellular matrix genes including Colp2α and calm may be correlated with the linear mineralization of early spicules, which potentially reflects an energy adjustment pattern in developing larvae. During the transition from 6-arm to 8-arm pluteus, expression changes of calmodulin-like, Colp2α and SISin18G001660 suggest potential associations with regional calcium deposition and modifications of skeletal matrix properties. This work systematically characterizes morphological traits and transcriptional dynamics of skeletogenesis in S. intermedius. Its early spiculogenesis follows the conserved developmental pattern of echinoderms, while massive formation of stereoscopic ossicles occurs at the 8-arm pluteus stage. Stage-specific transcriptional changes across key larval skeletogenic stages are uncovered, offering transcriptomic resources for functional verification of skeletal regulatory genes.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Teaching Engagement and Caregiving Help in the Intensive Care Unit (TEACH-ICU) Scale: Content Validity.

BACKGROUND: Having family members provide care to their loved ones in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a beneficial yet seldom implemented approach. For family members to perform caregiving, nurses must be willing to teach, and such willingness is a developing area of research. OBJECTIVES: To adapt an instrument validated in family members, the Family Willingness for Caregiving Scale, to address nurses' willingness to teach family members caregiving skills. METHODS: Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit 10 expert ICU nurses through the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' research website and social media platforms. The researchers conducted cognitive interviews with the nurses to address the instrument's content validity. RESULTS: The scale was refined based on the participants' feedback. Items were deleted, added, and revised. Furthermore, scale instructions were adjusted to emphasize the willingness to teach families of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Qualitative themes emerged related to barriers to family engagement, including time constraints, patient acuity, and nurse and family characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Content validity of the scale was assessed, with future research aimed at pilot testing and evaluating construct validity before using the scale as a research instrument. Practical implications include using the scale as an evaluation tool to determine nurses' willingness to teach family members about caregiving. After evaluation, various strategies could be incorporated to enhance family engagement in adult ICUs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A profile of suspected female homicide cases at the Johannesburg and Diepkloof Forensic Pathology Service Medico-legal Mortuaries for 2020-2022.

This study profiles suspected female homicide victims in Johannesburg, South Africa, during the COVID-19 period marked by socio-environmental changes from lockdown restrictions. Guided by the Socio-Ecological Model, a retrospective case series of 369 victims was reviewed using medico-legal mortuary records from Johannesburg and Diepkloof Forensic Pathology Service facilities. Descriptive analyses were conducted, supplemented by a chi-square test to assess whether distributions of causes of death among women differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 periods. No statistically significant association was found, χ2 (6, N = 339) = 6.68, p = 0.35. Key findings highlight that Black, unemployed, unmarried women aged 21-40 were at greatest risk. Cause of death was established in 97.0% (358/369) of cases, with firearm injuries predominating (43.9%), followed by sharp‑force (24.5%) and blunt‑force trauma (13.1%). Approximately 90% of victims were suspected to have been killed by males, with half of deaths attributed to intimate partner violence. Homicide frequency decreased during strict lockdowns but rose as restrictions eased, suggesting that movement and alcohol controls may reduce risk. Despite temporary disturbance caused by COVID‑19 restrictions, the underlying risk profile of female homicide victims remained unchanged. These findings inform multi-level prevention and intervention strategies in South Africa.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Cross-tissue multi-omics integration highlights BPHL and mitochondrial targets in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet specific molecular targets remain to be fully characterized. METHODS: A summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) framework integrated AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics (39,918 cases) with blood DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), gene expression (eQTL), and protein (pQTL) data for 1136 mitochondria-related genes. Associations were assessed using Bayesian colocalization and HEIDI testing. Tissue relevance was evaluated in four brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex) using GTEx and external transcriptomic datasets. RESULTS: Screening identified eight candidates supported across blood mQTL and eQTL layers. Stepwise central nervous system (CNS) evaluation singled out biphenyl hydrolase-like (BPHL) as the consistent candidate. Higher genetically predicted BPHL expression was associated with reduced AD risk across the hippocampus (OR=0.920, 95% CI 0.873-0.970), amygdala (OR=0.925, 95%CI 0.880-0.973), cortex (OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.908-0.978), and frontal cortex (OR=0.938, 95%CI 0.901-0.976). These findings aligned with protein-protein interactions connecting BPHL to respiratory complexes and lower BPHL expression in independent AD brains. Functional enrichment converged on oxidative phosphorylation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating multi-omics data with tissue-specific validation, this study nominates BPHL as a consistent protective candidate in the brain. These findings provide genetic support for mitochondrial molecular perturbations in AD, offering insights for future validation.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2026

Effects of exercise snacking on neuromuscular performance in insufficiently active adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of exercise snacking (ES) on neuromuscular performance in insufficiently active adults. METHODS: Six databases were searched from inception to July 17, 2026. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions involving insufficiently active adults undertaking ES interventions were included. Outcomes were functional performance, muscular strength, and muscular power. A three-level random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2 or ROBINS-I, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS: Nine studies (13 reports) involving 313 participants were included. In the primary three-level model, ES showed a small positive overall effect on neuromuscular performance (g = 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.58, p = 0.001), which remained supported under trial-clustered robust inference with small-sample adjustment. Domain-specific estimates for muscular power/velocity, functional performance, and muscular strength were positive but imprecise and were not statistically supported after small-sample robust adjustment. Robust moderator tests provided no evidence of between-subgroup differences, and the certainty of evidence was low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: Current low-certainty evidence suggests that ES may produce a small improvement in overall neuromuscular performance. However, domain-specific effects remain uncertain because of the limited number of independent trials, and the overall prediction interval crossed zero, indicating uncertainty across future populations and settings. Larger, preregistered randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Artificial intelligence for dental caries detection: An umbrella review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed as a tool to improve dental caries detection across imaging modalities; however, its clinical value remains uncertain. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize and critically appraise systematic reviews evaluating AI for caries detection and diagnosis. An umbrella review was conducted following PRIOR guidance (PROSPERO CRD420261340728). Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to 15 March 2026. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and overlap of primary studies was quantified using the corrected covered area (CCA). Seventeen systematic reviews were included, of which five reported diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses using bivariate or HSROC models. Across these meta-analyses, pooled sensitivity ranged from 0.76 to 0.94 and specificity from 0.85 to 0.91. Most systems were based on deep learning models applied to bitewing radiographs and intraoral photographs. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed in imaging modalities, lesion thresholds, analytical tasks, and evaluation metrics. In addition, a high degree of overlap across reviews and recurrent methodological limitations, including reliance on retrospective datasets, limited external validation, and inconsistent reporting, substantially weaken the reliability of the evidence. Although AI models demonstrate high diagnostic performance under experimental conditions, current evidence does not support their use as stand-alone diagnostic tools. Their clinical applicability remains limited, and implementation should be restricted to decision-support contexts until robust prospective validation demonstrates meaningful impact on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Dental Caries↗

PubMed2026

HRAS promotes mutant NRAS-driven transformation with codon and allele specificity.

Wild-type RAS family members determine the signaling and therapeutic response in cancers driven by mutant HRAS and KRAS because they activate alternate RAS effector pathways. Here, we found that the requirement for wild-type RAS to support mutant NRAS-driven transformation correlated with codon-specific differences in GTP hydrolysis. NRAS with mutations at either Gly12 (G12X) or Gly13 (G13X), which retained the GDP-GTP cycling function, had modest autonomous transforming potential. In contrast, NRAS with GTP-locking mutations at Gln61 (Q61X mutants) was uncoupled from receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) input, rendering wild-type RAS an obligate partner for RTK-stimulated signaling and oncogenesis. In RASless cells expressing mutant NRAS, reintroduction of wild-type HRAS was sufficient to restore signaling and transformation. Global dependency mapping in human cancer cells revealed functional partitioning, wherein mutant NRAS promoted MAPK signaling and wild-type HRAS promoted PI3K-AKT survival signaling. Consequently, allele-specific or pan-RAS(ON) inhibitors synergized with inhibitors of proximal RTK signaling or of wild-type HRAS or KRAS to overcome this signaling plasticity. Pan-RAS(ON) and HRAS inhibition was synergistic for all NRAS mutants tested, with Q61X mutants showing greater sensitivity. These findings define the signaling partnership between mutant NRAS and wild-type HRAS as a targetable vulnerability and provide a biochemical blueprint for dual RAS inhibition in NRAS-mutated malignancies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Infra-low-frequency neurofeedback alters EEG network efficiency: exploratory evidence from healthy volunteers.

Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback (ILF-NFB) combines classic frequency-band (FB) and infra-low-frequency (ILF) EEG components in implicit training protocols and is increasingly applied in clinical contexts. Yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ILF-NFB remain to be further elucidated. In this randomized, sham-controlled and double-blind study, we explored the online impact of a one-session ILF-NFB application on EEG correlates in healthy participants (39 analyzed datasets). Continuous 31-channel EEG was recorded during verum and sham feedback in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. In this exploratory analysis approach, functional connectivity was estimated using the debiased weighted phase-lag index (dwPLI) and analyzed with graph-theoretical measures. The results revealed higher global efficiency during verum compared to sham in the Beta1 band (12-15 Hz), reaching significance in the primary comparison but not surviving Bonferroni correction across the five tested bands; block-wise follow-ups showed a significant verum-sham difference in the first half of the neurofeedback session and a directionally consistent pattern in the second half. The Condition × Block interaction was not significant. No consistent differences were observed in other frequency bands, nor for betweenness centrality. While preliminary, these exploratory results point to possible network-level effects during ILF-NFB and motivate further confirmatory work in extended training protocols and clinical populations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Empathic Accuracy and Behavioral Empathy After a Moderate Dose of Beer.

OBJECTIVES: Empathic accuracy (EA) represents a person's ability to correctly infer the emotions of another person. One past study in men found lower EA for positive emotions after a moderate dose of hard liquor compared to after placebo, particularly among non-hazardous drinkers. The present study aimed to replicate this finding, using a moderate dose of beer and a mixed design. Moreover, we added a novel measure of behavioral empathy. METHODS: Participants (62% men) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Empathy Quotient, and Revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Before and after drinking either beer (6.6% alcohol, n = 28) or its 0.0% equivalent (placebo, n = 38), they watched videoclips of targets talking about emotional autobiographical events and rated how targets felt while talking. Behavioral empathy was assessed by presenting participants with painful scenarios and asking whether they would help the people in pain. RESULTS: The previous finding of lower EA for positive emotions after alcohol was not replicated. Nonetheless, after alcohol non-hazardous drinkers were less willing to help people in pain. Trait affective empathy (i.e., a person's long-term disposition to experience emotional responses congruent to another's feelings) and the drinking to cope motive did not significantly moderate the findings. CONCLUSIONS: Although alcohol may alter empathy, its effects are not consistent and may depend on the dose and type of alcohol consumed. The moderating roles of trait empathy and trait aggressivity deserves further study.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of CSP and OBP genes in Stictocephala bisonia reveals candidate genes potentially associated with insecticide response.

Stictocephala bisonia is an important invasive agricultural pest. Due to the frequent application of insecticides in its habitat, this species is under intense selection pressure. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are known to play key roles in insecticide resistance, but their specific functions in S. bisonia remain unclear. In this study, we identified a total of 22 SbisCSPs and 16 SbisOBPs based on the S. bisonia genome. To screen for candidate genes potentially linked to insecticide resistance, we adopted a multi-criteria screening strategy that integrated phylogenetic analysis, molecular docking with three insecticides, and tissue-specific expression profiling. Phylogenetic analysis identified several SbisCSPs and SbisOBPs clustering with genes known to be involved in insecticide resistance, serving as an initial evolutionary filter. Molecular docking results indicated that λ-Cyhalothrin exhibited the strong predicted binding affinity with most of SbisCSPs and SbisOBPs. Subsequent qPCR validation of seven prioritized candidates revealed distinct expression patterns: SbisCSP22 was highly expressed in adults and demonstrated strong binding affinity to all three insecticides tested, suggesting a potential role in mediating multi-insecticide response. Conversely, SbisCSP17 was significantly upregulated in larvae, clustered with genes known to mediate imidacloprid resistance, and exhibited strong binding affinity to imidacloprid. Given its larval-specific expression and the soil-dwelling behavior of larvae, we hypothesize that SbisCSP17 is a key candidate gene for larvae coping with soil-treated insecticides.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Mixed Methods Findings from a Stepped Wedge Hybrid Implementation Trial of ATTAIN NAV: A Mental Health Family Navigation Intervention for Autistic Youth.

ATTAIN NAV (Access to Tailored Autism Integrated Care through Family Navigation) was delivered by family navigators to promote access to and engagement with mental health services for school-age autistic youth. This study used a mixed method, stepped wedge design to test the effects of family navigation on service and clinical outcomes while gathering information on implementation. Primary care providers from six clinics in California and 56 caregiver-child dyads enrolled in and completed the study. Clinics were randomized to either a technology-enhanced or standard family navigation condition. Caregivers completed assessments at baseline and post about child, family and services outcomes, and a subset participated in a post qualitative interview. Quantitative findings demonstrated improvements in child challenging behavior and parent activation across conditions although these improvements were more pronounced for families in the standard FN condition. At post-intervention, families in the standard FN condition reported higher levels of navigation satisfaction, a shorter time to attend their first mental health appointment, and higher engagement with their navigator. Qualitative findings complemented and expanded the quantitative survey findings. The ATTAIN NAV model of family navigation for autistic children with co-occurring mental health needs demonstrates promising implementation, service, and clinical benefits. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT05344378.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A multi-model genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants underlying resistance to Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) in Micropterus salmoides.

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species, yet recurrent outbreaks of Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) continue to impair production and cause substantial losses. The genetic basis of host variation in LMBV resistance remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we applied a multi-model genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with resistance following a controlled challenge with the LMBV-23PY strain. Whole-genome resequencing was performed for 146 phenotyped fish, including 72 susceptible and 74 resistant individuals. After stringent quality control, 877,262 high-quality variants were retained and tested using six GWAS models. Across binary survival status and survival time phenotypes, 32 shared suggestive variants were consistently detected across models, representing suggestive loci for LMBV-23PY resistance. Genes within ±50 kb of these loci were annotated, and functional enrichment highlighted immune- and redox-related biological processes. Three prioritized candidates-GSTT3L (glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like), CGRP2 (calcitonin gene-related peptide 2), and NPPC (natriuretic peptide C)-were associated with pathways involved in oxidative stress responses and immune regulation. Collectively, these results provide insight into the genetic architecture of LMBV-23PY resistance in largemouth bass and identify suggestive variants and associated candidate genes for downstream validation, functional interrogation, and the development of marker-assisted and genome-enabled breeding strategies.

Animals↗