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Clinical and hematological effects of serial phlebotomy performed on laboratory beagles.

We conducted a study designed to mimic a typical pharmacokinetic study to gain a better understanding of a dog's response to multiple, frequent blood sampling at 15% total blood volume. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to either a control group having sham venipuncture performed or to a blood collection group having 1.5% of their body weight (approximately 15% total blood volume) removed weekly for 4 weeks. Both groups were monitored during a 2-week recovery period immediately after the 4-week collection period. Parameters evaluated were clinical signs, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical analytes. There were minimal differences in red blood cell morphology between the two groups. Statistically significant differences in hematocrit between the two groups occurred on several days, and this finding was attributed to blood withdrawal in the blood collection group; however, this statistical difference was not deemed to be clinically significant. There were no statistically significant differences in body weight, total protein, reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or red cell distribution width. We conclude that removing 15% blood volume in laboratory beagles is compatible with maintaining the health and well-being of the dog and can be acceptable in laboratory situations when it is scientifically justified.

Animals↗

System loop analysis eliminates phlebotomy lines.

New process was in place, but lab had been left out of the loop. Interviewing phlebotomists uncovers defects in processes. At least 90% of patients now are seen within 20 minutes of appointment time.

Efficiency, Organizational↗

The challenges of emotional labor and emotional dissonance for the hospital phlebotomy team.

Competitive pressures are forcing hospital leaders to closely examine the role of direct caregivers in improving the level of satisfaction for the treatment and services received by patients. Often, the clinical laboratory's sole representative in bedside care is the phlebotomist. Despite the physical and behavioral challenges presented by difficult patients, laboratory managers expect phlebotomists to perform their duties in a consistently efficient and friendly manner. However, time constraints often prevent phlebotomists from engaging in lengthy conversations with their patients to build trust or convey compassion. Balancing task requirements with people skills prompts phlebotomists to develop coping strategies that emphasize professional demeanor, the display of skillful technical judgment, and the creation of an image of personal concern for the patient's illness and well-being. While these behaviors may or may not be authentic, the patient's perception of the behavior is genuine. Caregivers who perform procedures directly on patients, such as phlebotomists, must be able to find the right balance of scripted, authentic, and projected behaviors to satisfy patient expectations and maintain their own level of job satisfaction. The inability of the phlebotomist to handle high levels of emotional dissonance may lead to burnout, job dissatisfaction, and increased personnel turnover.

Clinical Competence↗

Review: selective filtration--a phlebotomy strategy for sickle cell therapy.

The molecular defect in sickle cell disease is an error in the coding for hemoglobin synthesis. All of a patient's erythrocyte precursors share the genetic defect, but the patient's circulating erythrocytes are heterogenous in their degree of deformability. Periodic removal, by selective filtration, of the least deformable of the circulating erythrocytes might prove of clinical benefit.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗