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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Intra-canal cutting ability of MM1500 files.

The aims of this study were to develop a model system capable of monitoring lateral forces during root canal preparation and to measure the cutting ability of files activated by the MM1500 sonic handpiece. Forces were monitored by a calibrated model system which utilized a combination of spring steel beams fitted with strain gauges, these were interfaced through two strain gauge amplifiers to an x-y recorder. Single rooted canine teeth (n = 36; 32 experimental, four control) were mounted in a two-part acrylic mould (which was an integral part of the model system) prior to sectioning horizontally 11 mm from the tooth apex. A 2(4) full factorial experiment with two replications was performed. Four variables were selected for evaluation, load (50 and 100 g), power (air inlet ring half or fully open), file type (Heliosonic or Shaper) and stroke rate (1 or 2 cycles per second). A new file (size 25) was used for 1 min in each canal with water irrigation. The control group was not instrumented. The cross-sectional root canal area was measured before and after instrumentation using image analysis and increase in area was used as an indication of cutting ability. The results showed that the increase in load, power and the Shaper file all produced a significant increase in cutting ability (ANOVA, P < 0.001). However, stroke rate was not found to have a significant effect (P > 0.05). None of the interactions between the variables were significant and there was no significant difference in the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, this work has developed a model system to monitor lateral forces and has shown that instrument design and operator usage affect dentine removal from a root canal wall.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Shaping ability of the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated root canals.

The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the M4 reciprocating handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files in simulated canals. A total of 40 simulated canals of various angles and positions of curvature were prepared with an M4 handpiece using Safety Hedstrom files oriented with the ground, flattened surface towards the inner aspect of the curve. A standard regimen was adopted throughout. Pre- and post-operative longitudinal images of the canals were taken with a video camera and stored and manipulated in a computer with image analysis software. The presence of canal aberrations and the amount and location of resin material removed as a result of preparation were determined from composite images of superimposed pre- and post-operative views. Preparation time varied significantly (P < 0.001) between the canal types; overall, 20 degrees canals were prepared more quickly than 40 degrees canals. Zips and elbows were observed in 16 out of the 40 canals with most (11) being created in 40 degrees specimens. Ledges were found in 19 canals and perforations in only 1. There were no significant differences between canal shapes for these aberrations. Excessive removal of material from the inner aspect of the canal at the curve to create a danger zone was found in 20 canals, but only in those with 40 degrees curves. Significant differences in total canal width between the canal types were seen at the zips (P < 0.05), elbows (P < 0.05) and danger zones (P < 0.001). Transportation at the danger zones varied significantly (P < 0.001) between canal types. Under the conditions of this study, the M4 handpiece and Safety Hedstrom files created hour-glass preparations in a substantial proportion of canals. In reality, the Safety Hedstrom file with its one flattened surface was ineffective at reducing removal of material along the inner aspect of canal curves in severely curved specimens and clearly has the potential to create strip perforations in teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

A comparison between a smooth wire and a K-file in removing artificially placed dentine debris from root canals in resin blocks during ultrasonic irrigation.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of a smooth wire with a conventional K-file, in removing dentine debris from grooves in root canals made in resin blocks, during ultrasonic irrigation. METHODOLOGY: Each resin block containing a standard simulated canal was split longitudinally through the canal, forming two halves. In one canal wall, a standard groove 4 mm in length, 0.2 mm in width and 0.5 mm in depth was cut 2-6 mm from the apical end of the canal, to simulate uninstrumented canal extensions. Each groove was filled with fresh dentine debris mixed with 2% NaOCl to simulate a situation when dentine debris accumulates in uninstrumented canal extensions. Each canal was reassembled by joining the two halves of the resin block by means of wires and sticky wax. In each canal ultrasonic irrigation was performed for 3 min using 2% NaOCl as irrigant. In one group (n = 20) a conventional K-file size 15 was used. In the other group (n = 20) a smooth wire was used which had the same length and diameter as the size 15 K-file. Before and after irrigation, images of each half of the canal with a groove were taken, using a microscope and a digital camera, after which they were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. The quantity of dentine debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system: the higher the score, the larger the amount of debris remaining. The score data were analysed by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: After ultrasonic irrigation, the debris was completely removed from the groove in 35 canals (87.5%), and there was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.429). CONCLUSIONS: Using a smooth wire during ultrasonic irrigation is as effective as a size 15 K-file in removal of artificially placed dentine debris in grooves in simulated root canals in resin blocks.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1995

Identification of atrial fibrillation episodes in ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings: validation of a method for obtaining labeled R-R interval files.

Current systems for analyzing ambulatory electrocardiograms (ECGs) are unable to distinguish precisely between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes, and are unable to produce RR interval listings that distinguish AF from sinus rhythm on a beat-to-beat basis. We describe a method for obtaining such a computerized listing ("Composite Rhythm" file) from ambulatory recordings containing episodes of AF. The file lists the rhythm of each beat, its real time, and the QRS complex morphology. A visual inspection is made of a full printout of the recording to identify the precise time of onset and termination of each episode of AF. These times are entered into a computer and identified with the corresponding beats on a conventional RR interval file generated by Holter analysis. The method was validated using 1-hour segments from 20 ambulatory ECGs containing 145 episodes of AF. These were visually identified by four independent observers with a mean sensitivity of 99.1%. The first beat of AF was identified concordantly in 96% of episodes, with a discrepancy of < or = 3 beats in the other episodes. The times of 200 selected QRS complexes were then entered into the computer by each observer; 91.1% of these complexes were identified exactly and 100% were identified to within one beat. The Composite Rhythm files have several potential applications for testing AF detection algorithms and studying the mode of onset of AF.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Validation of dynamic MLC-controller log files using a two-dimensional diode array.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivered with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) in the step-and-shoot mode uses multiple static MLC segments to achieve intensity modulation. For typical IMRT treatment plans, significant numbers of segments are delivered with monitor units (MUs) of much less than 10. Verification of the ability of the linear accelerator (linac) to deliver small MU segments accurately is an important step in the IMRT commissioning and quality assurance (QA) process. Recent studies have reported large discrepancies between the intended and delivered segment MUs. These discrepancies could potentially cause large errors in the delivered patient dose. We have undertaken a systematic study to evaluate the accuracy of the dynamic MLC log files, which are created automatically by our commercial MLC workstation after each delivery, in recording the fractional MU delivered in the step-and-shoot mode. Two linac models were evaluated with simple-geometry leaf sequences and delivered with different total MUs and different nominal dose rates. A commercial two-dimensional diode array was used for the measurement. Large discrepancies between the intended and delivered segment MUs were found. The discrepancies were larger for small MU segments at higher dose rate, with some small MU segments completely undelivered. The recorded fractional MUs in the log files were found to agree with what was delivered within the limits of our experimental uncertainty. Our results indicate that it is important to verify the delivery accuracy of small MU segments that could potentially occur in a patient treatment and that the log files are useful in checking the integrity of the linac delivery once validated. Thus validated log files can be used as a QA tool for general IMRT delivery and patient-specific plan verification.

Documentation↗
PubMed2005

Extracting data from a DICOM file.

DICOM v3.0 is a vendor-independent standard for digital medical images that describes a file format and network protocol for the exchange of images between computer systems. When simply viewing a DICOM file, it is not necessary for the user to understand the details of the entire DICOM standard. However, understanding parts of the standard is essential when DICOM files are read and processed by a user-generated program. This paper offers an overview of information a user needs to write a program for extracting the image and acquisition parameters from a DICOM file.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Monte Carlo based IMRT dose verification using MLC log files and R/V outputs.

Conventional IMRT dose verification using film and ion chamber measurements is useful but limited with respect to the actual dose distribution received by the patient. The Monte Carlo simulation has been introduced as an independent dose verification tool for IMRT using the patient CT data and MLC leaf sequence files, which validates the dose calculation accuracy but not the plan delivery accuracy. In this work, we propose a Monte Carlo based IMRT dose verification method that reconstructs the patient dose distribution using the patient CT, actual beam data based on the information from the record and verify system (R/V), and the MLC log files obtained during dose delivery that record the MLC leaf positions and MUs delivered. Comparing the Monte Carlo dose calculation with the original IMRT plan using these data simultaneously validates the accuracy of both the IMRT dose calculation and beam delivery. Such log file based Monte Carlo simulations are expected to be employed as a useful and efficient IMRT QA modality to validate the dose delivered to the patient. We have run Monte Carlo simulations for eight IMRT prostate plans using this method and the results for the target dose were consistent with the original CORVUS treatment plans to within 3.0% and 2.0% with and without heterogeneity corrections in the dose calculation. However, significant dose deviations in nearby critical structures have been observed. The results showed that up to 9.0% of the bladder dose and up to 38.0% of the rectum dose, to which leaf position errors were found to contribute <2%, were underestimated by the CORVUS treatment planning system. The concept of average leaf position error has been defined to analyze MLC leaf position errors for an IMRT plan. A linear correlation between the target dose error and the average position error has been found based on log file based Monte Carlo simulations, showing that an average position error of 0.2 mm can result in a target dose error of about 1.0%.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a teaching file by using a DICOM database.

A teaching file of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images was developed. Selected computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, angiographic, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonographic images were transferred to a personal computer (PC) with a 75-GB hard drive. The database created from the DICOM header information was modified to include American College of Radiology (ACR) Learning File categories. Database modification allowed cases to be searched by diagnosis, by findings, and by patient age, sex, and demographics. Technologists inputted ACR codes into the DICOM headers before the images were acquired, thereby reducing database maintenance time. Images were manipulated and reviewed and were used for case presentations, board review, and conferences. Selected images were transferred via a hospital network to workstations for consultation, saving time for referring clinicians. The teaching file is reliable, cost-effective, and easy to install and takes advantage of recent technologic advances in computer hardware and software. Rapid cost reductions and increases in PC storage capacity allow maintenance of the teaching file in DICOM format without intermediate steps involving automation or manual conversion. This setup rivals any of the proprietary software currently available from other vendors.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics in Radiology (infoRAD): personal computer security: part 2. Software Configuration and file protection.

Proper configuration of software security settings and proper file management are necessary and important elements of safe computer use. Unfortunately, the configuration of software security options is often not user friendly. Safe file management requires the use of several utilities, most of which are already installed on the computer or available as freeware. Among these file operations are setting passwords, defragmentation, deletion, wiping, removal of personal information, and encryption. For example, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine medical images need to be anonymized, or "scrubbed," to remove patient identifying information in the header section prior to their use in a public educational or research environment. The choices made with respect to computer security may affect the convenience of the computing process. Ultimately, the degree of inconvenience accepted will depend on the sensitivity of the files and communications to be protected and the tolerance of the user.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indian file pattern of adenocarcinoma cells in effusions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the Indian file pattern of adenocarcinoma cells in malignant serous effusions. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five malignant and 10 benign effusion samples were selected. Clinical data, including the sites of the primary neoplasms, were noted. The presence or absence of Indian file arrangement of carcinoma cells and other patterns were recorded. RESULTS: Seven of the 25 positive cases showed Indian file arrangement, whereas none of the negative cases did. Their number did not show any correlation with the type and site of the primary neoplasms. In most of the 7 cases other patterns, such as 3-dimensional balls and papillations, were also present. CONCLUSION: Cells in Indian file in serous effusions are strongly suggestive of metastatic carcinoma. They are not specific to any particular site of the primary adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Outcomes of employment discrimination charges filed under the Americans With Disabilities Act.

OBJECTIVE: The outcomes of employment discrimination charges filed under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) by individuals with psychiatric disabilities and those with other disabilities were compared. METHODS: Data obtained from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) consisted of all ADA employment claims closed as of March 31, 1998. Charges were categorized by whether they were investigated by the EEOC or by a Fair Employment Practice Agency (FEPA). RESULTS: Of the 175,226 charges filed, 83.2 percent were closed by March 31, 1998. Of these, 15.7 percent brought some kind of benefit to charging parties, although only 1.7 percent resulted in new hires or reinstatements. Of charges investigated by FEPAs, 23.3 percent led to some benefit, compared with 11.5 percent of charges investigated by the EEOC. Of charges investigated by the EEOC, the median actual monetary benefit was $5,646, compared with $2,400 for charges investigated by FEPAs. A total of 13.6 percent of charges filed by individuals with psychiatric disabilities resulted in benefits, compared with a benefit rate of 16 percent for persons with other disabilities. The median actual monetary benefit received by persons with psychiatric disabilities was $5,000, compared with $3,500 for those with nonpsychiatric disabilities. Individuals whose charges were investigated in the first three years of ADA implementation were more likely to receive benefits than individuals whose charges were investigated more recently. CONCLUSIONS: Most employment discrimination charges filed under the ADA do not result in benefits or a finding of reasonable cause. Outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities do not differ substantially from those for people with other disabilities.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Distribution of immunodeficiency fact files with XML--from Web to WAP.

BACKGROUND: Although biomedical information is growing rapidly, it is difficult to find and retrieve validated data especially for rare hereditary diseases. There is an increased need for services capable of integrating and validating information as well as proving it in a logically organized structure. A XML-based language enables creation of open source databases for storage, maintenance and delivery for different platforms. METHODS: Here we present a new data model called fact file and an XML-based specification Inherited Disease Markup Language (IDML), that were developed to facilitate disease information integration, storage and exchange. The data model was applied to primary immunodeficiencies, but it can be used for any hereditary disease. Fact files integrate biomedical, genetic and clinical information related to hereditary diseases. RESULTS: IDML and fact files were used to build a comprehensive Web and WAP accessible knowledge base ImmunoDeficiency Resource (IDR) available at http://bioinf.uta.fi/idr/. A fact file is a user oriented user interface, which serves as a starting point to explore information on hereditary diseases. CONCLUSION: The IDML enables the seamless integration and presentation of genetic and disease information resources in the Internet. IDML can be used to build information services for all kinds of inherited diseases. The open source specification and related programs are available at http://bioinf.uta.fi/idml/.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2004

Use of the Social Security Administration Death Master File for ascertainment of mortality status.

OBJECTIVES: Internet sources that use the Social Security Administration's (SSA) Death Master File have demonstrated high sensitivity among males for detection of mortality status in comparisons to the National Death Index, but the sensitivity has not been investigated for other demographic groups. METHODS: The authors used the SSA Death Master File to determine the mortality status of 374 decedents from the ongoing Patient Outcomes Study at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center whose deaths were confirmed by physicians using hospital records. RESULTS: Decedents identified by the SSA Death Master File were significantly older than those not identified. Foreign-born decedents were significantly less likely to be identified as dead than American-born decedents. Gender and marital status were not significant factors for identification by the SSA Death Master File. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that Internet sources may be used as an inexpensive and effective tool for determination of mortality status. However, among certain populations use of these databases alone may provide incomplete information.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

The vertical file enters the electronic age.

Vertical files are revered institutions in many libraries. The reference staff at the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah automated their vertical file and made the information in it accessible via the Library's Integrated Library System. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were applied to vertical files and simple records leading to them were entered in the Library's online catalog. Electronic access to the vertical file increases the availability of concepts too new to be in medical books and permits the Library to meet the needs of lay patrons searching for basic information on popular health care topics.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1985

Use of Hedstrom file for removal of fractured root tips.

The foregoing case report describes a procedure that can be used to remove newly fractured roots. It is recommended that a Hedstrom file be used in cases in which the roots are loosened before they are fractured and provided that proper visibility and sufficient space in the root canal in which to introduce the file exist. This method, used alone or in combination with closed or open procedures, can be helpful for removing roots that are close to the maxillary sinus or mandibular canal. In the aforementioned case, the Hedstrom file's being threaded into the root tip was a safeguard against pushing the root tips into the surrounding anatomic structures. A method of using a Hedstrom file has been described for the removal of newly fractured root tips. If conditions are adequate, this method is simple and effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The optimal design of MUMPS global file.

This paper presents the basic consideration of global file design on MUMPS language. The major goal of global design is to reduce the number of disc accesses made over the long-term use of a file. To attain this goal, the procedure for finding the global file which minimizes the average number of disc blocks accessed to obtain a data node is proposed. Furthermore, the total number of blocks in use with file design are demonstrated by simple examples.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ADL: an integrated database for filing and study of malignant lymphoma patients.

The filing of clinical data must comply with purposes of logical organization for comparisons and evaluations. ADL (Archives of Data on Lymphomas) is an application program of dBASE III plus (Ashton-Tate) for personal computers, especially suitable for filing and studying patients afflicted with malignant lymphoma. It is subdivided into four data files: general data (private data, stage, therapy); disease data (sites of disease by tests and body area); immunological data (lymphocyte subpopulations, globulin and immunoglobulin dosage, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests); lost patients (register of patients not seen for at least 1 year). It has many utilities (descriptive statistics, clinical report, export service). Congruence checks and verification of names and dates input are included. This program stands as a valuable alternative to more traditional filing systems.

Archives↗
PubMed2004

Object file continuity predicts attentional blink magnitude.

When asked to identify targets embedded within a rapid consecutive stream of visual stimuli, observers are less able to identify the second target (T2) when it is presented within half a second of the first (T1); this deficit has been termed the attentional blink (AB). Rapid serial visual presentation methodology was used to investigate the relationship between the AB and object files (episodic representations implicated in object identification and perceptual constancy). An inverse linear relationship was found between the degree of object file continuity and AB magnitude. An important locus of object file continuity was the intervening stream items between T1 and T2. The results are discussed in terms of the heuristic of the object file to preserve limited attentional capacity.

Adult↗