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PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Characterization of β-Glucosidase (TaBGLU) Genes in Bread Wheat and Their Expression Under Drought, Cold, and Combined Stress.

Glycoside hydrolase 1 (GH1) β-glucosidases were known to activate hormone conjugates and defense metabolites, yet their genomic organization and stress-response dynamics in wheat remained incompletely defined. We therefore performed an integrated characterization of TaBGLUs spanning phylogeny, gene structure and conserved motifs, subcellular localization, promoter cis-elements, Gene Ontology enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and targeted expression profiling. Wheat TaBGLUs partitioned into well-supported clades that shared canonical GH1 catalytic residues and a largely conserved motif scaffold. Subcellular localization predictions indicated predominant nuclear and chloroplast targeting, with a smaller cohort directed to secretory or endomembrane compartments. Promoters were enriched for light-responsive, hormone-related (ABA, JA/SA, auxin, GA) and stress-associated (MYB/WRKY, heat, low temperature) cis-elements, and functional annotations were consistent with roles in carbohydrate and cell-wall metabolism, hormone homeostasis, and defense. Network analysis revealed a densely connected TaBGLU submodule embedded within broader carbohydrate and defense interaction networks, suggesting coordinated or cooperative functions. Expression profiling under cold, drought, and combined drought and cold demonstrated broad stress inducibility, with early activation detected by 6 h, cold-responsive maxima typically at 12 h, drought-responsive peaks predominating at 24 h, and combined stress eliciting both earlier and more sustained expression maxima between 12-24 h. Representative strongly responsive genes included TaBGLU20, TaBGLU44, TaBGLU6, and TaBGLU23, which showed pronounced late induction under combined stress, TaBGLU30, which exhibited an earlier combined-stress peak, and TaBGLU12, which displayed a marked late drought-specific response. Taken together, this integrated genomic, regulatory, and expression atlas refined the wheat BGLU repertoire relative to previous gene model inventories, highlighted candidate TaBGLUs with central network positions and strong stress inducibility, and provided concrete entry points for functional validation and breeding for improved stress resilience.

Triticum↗

PubMed2026

Proteomic analysis of cisplatin-induced spermatogenesis defects in mice.

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin is a crucial chemotherapeutic agent used for treating various cancers; however, its excessive use can cause irreversible damage to the reproductive system, and the protein expression profile of cisplatin-induced testicular injury remains unclear. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with cisplatin at various doses, and testes were collected for histological, immunofluorescence, and proteomic analyses. Germ cell loss and apoptosis were assessed using H&E staining, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence for LIN28A, SYCP3, MVH, and CDK1. Label-free quantitative proteomics identified differentially expressed proteins, which were analyzed for functional enrichment and protein-protein interactions. RESULTS: We observed that cisplatin treatment led to smaller testes, reduced sperm count, and a significant decrease in the number of spermatocytes and spermatids in mice. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that cisplatin significantly reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), a key spermatogenesis regulator, in the testes. Reduction in CDK1 expression is correlated with spermatogenic arrest, particularly in spermatocytes. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the critical role of CDK1 in cisplatin-induced spermatogenic dysfunction and provide new insights into fertility preservation strategies for patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Inducible flocculation in Komagataella phaffii enables enhanced biomass separation for biopharmaceutical production.

Biomass separation represents a critical bottleneck in Komagataella phaffii-based biopharmaceutical processes, as typically high cell densities of 40 - 50 % create significant operational, technical and economic challenges for harvest operations. Yeast cell aggregation (flocculation) provides a solution to accelerate cell sedimentation by increasing particle size, thus allowing to improve biomass-supernatant separation efficiency during both natural gravity settling and (continuous) centrifugation operations. This study demonstrates successful engineering of K. phaffii strains with an inducible flocculation phenotype using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing to integrate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1 (ScFLO1) gene under control of various regulatory elements, including methanol-inducible and derepressible promoters. Flocculation strength could be enhanced by implementing transcriptional positive feedback circuits based on the methanol-inducible AOX1 promoter. To address methanol-free production requirements, we developed alternative systems to retrofit PAOX1-based ScFLO1 expression and exploited the derepressible PDF promoter, offering broader compatibility with biopharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. Flocculating cells cultivated in a bioreactor demonstrated significantly improved sedimentation behavior, with considerably lower supernatant turbidity after short low-speed centrifugation or gravity sedimentation compared to non-flocculating controls. Crucially, cell flocculation had no negative impact on product amount and quality when expressing a multivalent NANOBODY® VHH molecule with pharmaceutical relevance. Thus, this work establishes the first genetically engineered flocculation system in K. phaffii compatible with recombinant protein production, providing the basis for an innovative approach to streamline harvest operations in biopharmaceutical processes.

Flocculation↗

PubMed2026

Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on the AgrA LytTR domain-agr operon complex formation and its application in beef.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents a major foodborne pathogen whose enterotoxin production poses significant challenges to food safety due to its high environmental resistance and limited efficacy of conventional sterilization. Since the expression of enterotoxins is predominantly governed by the agr quorum sensing system, targeting this regulatory pathway has become a strategic choice for virulence control. This study elucidated the mechanism by which phloretin, a potential quorum sensing inhibitor, interferes with the agr system to attenuate virulence. To achieve this, the recombinant AgrA LytTR domain was expressed and purified, and its interaction with phloretin was characterized using thermal shift assays (TSA), electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that phloretin specifically binds to the AgrA LytTR domain, enhancing its thermal stability and disrupting AgrA LytTR-agr operon binding by reducing the free energy of interaction between them, without causing significant structural rearrangement. Mechanistic analysis indicated that phloretin sterically hinders key β-sheet turn residues (HIS169, ASN201, ARG233), thereby impairing DNA recognition, downregulating RNAIII transcription, and inhibiting agr signaling. In cooked beef, phloretin significantly inhibited the secretion of enterotoxins and α-hemolysin, while delaying lipid oxidation and protein degradation, and maintaining the meat texture. These findings suggested that phloretin is a multifunctional substance with anti-virulence, antioxidant, and preservative properties, demonstrating its potential as a natural food preservative.

Phloretin↗

PubMed2026

The gonadal matrisome and its correlation with sex change in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus.

The matrisome is a comprehensive list of genes in the genome of an organism, which encodes proteins constituting or interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The gonadal ECM is important for folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study characterized the composition of the matrisome and the expression of matrisome genes in the gonad of ricefield eel, a protogynous sex-changing teleost, during sex change. A total of 838 matrisome genes were identified in the genome of ricefield eel through an in-silico orthology-based approach, of which 482, 443, 429, and 570 matrisome genes were shown to be expressed in the gonads of female (F), early intersexual (EI), mid-intersexual (MI), and late intersexual (LI) fish, respectively. Differentially expressed matrisome genes (DEMGs) were observed across all the sexual stages as well as in each category of ECM components. Analysis of DEMGs in the comparison between EI and F revealed dramatic upregulation of adam8a, mmp9, and s100a11 while downregulation of col4a5, col15a1b, clec3ba, f13a1, and ccl44, which were further confirmed by qPCR analysis. Together, these findings revealed significant changes in the expression of many matrisome genes, particularly three regulator genes, adam8a, mmp9 and f13a1, as female ricefield eels initiate sex change, suggesting that gonadal tissues undergo dramatic remodeling involving the regression of ovarian tissues and the development of testicular tissues to facilitate this process. These data provide valuable resources for further unraveling the roles of matrisome genes in gonadal development of ricefield eel and other vertebrates.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Plasma proteomics: considerations for preanalytical variability; a systematic review with narrative synthesis.

BACKGROUND: The plasma proteome (PP) is a dynamic system subject to pathology-associated changes and a focus for novel disease biomarker discovery. Disease-related PP research assumes protein concentrations in test specimens accurately reflect the in vivo milieu. However, measures to maintain the physicochemical integrity of the proteome before assay are often rudimentary, poorly described, or lacking standardisation in published studies. Contrastingly, in laboratory medicine, there is an expectation that errors in the so-called "preanalytical phase" (PAP) that impact patient results are understood, monitored, and mitigated against, while also being well described in research publications. There is therefore scope for good practice from laboratory medicine to inform PP research workflows. This review considers factors in the PAP which may impact the validity of PP results. CONTENT: A systematic review was conducted per PRISMA guidelines, limited to English-language peer-reviewed studies (2014-2024). Candidate studies were imported, screened, and managed using Covidence systematic review software. SUMMARY: 15 eligible studies were reviewed, covering many relevant processes. 11 studies reported statistically significant differences in PP due to factors in the PAP. Temperature and time-to-processing were the most commonly reported factors affecting the PP, with significant effects reported in 8 studies. OUTLOOK: PAP variability can significantly affect results in PP studies. Careful consideration of the effect of each stage of the PAP is needed when working with the PP. In multicenter studies, pre-defined and research question-specific sample processing workflows are essential for reducing PAP variability, which helps ensure the validity of PP studies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide characterisation of the myosin light chain gene family in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) and its expression patterns in muscle fibre types and injury response.

The Class II myosin light chain (myl) genes in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) have not yet been systematically characterised, and relationships with muscle fibre specification, development, and injury-associated remodelling remain unclear. In this study, fast and slow muscle fibres were initially distinguished using myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry. Subsequently, genome-wide mining identified 16 Class II myl genes, comprising eight essential and eight regulatory light-chain subunits. Their conserved-domain features, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles were analysed. Transcriptomic profiling showed that summed myl transcript abundance was higher in fast muscle than in slow muscle, accounting for 67.2% of the pooled myl transcript pool across the two muscle types (paired t-test, raw P = 0.036). mylpfa, myl1 and mylz3 were the major fast-muscle-associated genes, whereas myl10, myl2b and myl13 were preferentially expressed in slow muscle at the transcript level. These patterns support these genes as candidate fibre-type-associated expression markers. Developmental profiling identified stage-associated myl expression patterns, including a possible expression shift between mylpfb and mylpfa. In the descriptive injury-repair time course (d0-d7), FPKM profiles indicated that fast-muscle-associated genes (mylpfa, mylz3 and myl1) were lower at d1 and recovered by d3, whereas several slow-muscle-associated genes showed biphasic transcript-level increases. The slow-muscle-associated RLC gene mylpfb showed a delayed expression peak at d7. Notably, the embryonic isoform myl6l showed a modest increase from approximately 2 FPKM at d0 to 4-5 FPKM after injury, suggesting a possible injury-associated expression pattern that requires further validation. Together, these findings provide a genome-wide description of the Chinese perch myl gene family and identify candidate fibre-type-associated genes and descriptive injury-associated isoform expression patterns.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Acetylcholine signaling regulates osmotic stress adaptation in the phytopathogen Dickeya solani.

Plants impose strong selective pressures that shape both the composition and functional potential of plant microbiomes. The adaptation of plant-associated bacteria to their hosts relies on an extensive repertoire of signal transduction systems that sense plant-derived molecules and dynamically adjust bacterial physiology and metabolism within the holobiont. These signals include key plant signaling compounds that regulate processes essential for plant-microbe interactions. Among them, acetylcholine is emerging as an important signaling molecule in both plants and bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that acetylcholine regulates the expression of the osmotic stress response betIBA gene cluster in the important phytopathogen Dickeya solani, where it plays an important role in osmoprotection. We show that the TetR-family transcriptional regulator associated with this pathway, BetIDs, recognizes acetylcholine as well as choline and trimethylamine. These three ligands differentially induce betIBA transcription in a manner that correlates with their binding affinities. Ligand binding does not affect BetIDs binding to the bet promoter or its oligomeric state. Instead, it induces pronounced changes in the secondary structure of BetIDs, with the magnitude of these conformational changes being ligand-dependent. We further show that quorum sensing modulates osmotic stress tolerance in D. solani by regulating the expression of the Bet pathway. The Bet system is required for the full virulence of D. solani, particularly in chemically complex plant tissues. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the BetIBA system is widely distributed among plant-associated Pseudomonadota, collectively supporting its importance for bacterial survival and adaptation in plant-related environments.

Osmotic Pressure↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification of CXE gene family in soybean and functional characterization of GmCXE31 in lipid biosynthesis and salt tolerance.

GmCXE31 negatively regulates salt tolerance and lipid synthesis in soybean, and the cxe31-edited lines improve soybean yield and seed quality. Carboxylesterases (CXEs), as essential lipid hydrolases of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily, are critical for plant stress responses, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism. The key candidate gene GmCXE31 was previously identified in our laboratory through a genome‑wide association study (GWAS) of soybean lipid‑related traits. In the present study, we further identified 60 GmCXE family genes in soybean. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 11 conserved subfamilies. Cis-acting element analysis showed their promoters are enriched with elements related to abiotic stress, growth and hormone signaling, suggesting potential roles in soybean development and stress adaptation. GmCXE31 is highly expressed in seedling roots and responsive to strigolactones (SLs) and salt stress. Functional assays revealed that GmCXE31 negatively regulates soybean salt tolerance: its overexpression reduced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and soybean under 150 mM NaCl stress, while its knockout enhanced this trait. Lipid profiling revealed GmCXE31-edited lines had higher seed oil content, elevated oleic/linoleic acid ratio and lower saturated fatty acid proportion, which was achieved by regulating lipid synthesis-related genes like GmNFYA. Agronomic trait analysis showed GmCXE31-edited lines had increased nodule number, plant height and single-plant yield at maturity, with opposite phenotypes in overexpression lines. In conclusion, this study elucidates the multifaceted roles of GmCXE31 in coordinating soybean salt tolerance, lipid metabolism and agronomic traits, providing theoretical and genetic resources for salt-tolerant and high-quality soybean molecular breeding.

Glycine max↗

PubMed2026

TWIST2-dependent transcriptional activation of TPI1 mediates TGF-β1-driven fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant profibrotic signaling and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, accompanied by fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Despite extensive investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying IPF pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) in IPF progression and its regulation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Loss-of-function analyses identified TPI1 as a downstream effector of TGF-β1, as its knockdown markedly suppressed fibrotic marker expression, fibroblast proliferation, and migration. Mechanistically, TWIST2 was shown to function as a direct transcriptional regulator of TPI1, binding to its promoter and promoting transcriptional activation. Rescue experiments further confirmed that the TWIST2-TPI1 axis is central to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Notably, knockdown of either TPI1 or TWIST2 effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibrotic phenotypes. Collectively, these findings define the TGF-β1/TWIST2/TPI1 signaling axis as an important regulator of pathogenic fibroblast behavior and pro-fibrotic responses through transcriptional control of TPI1, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for IPF.

Twist-Related Protein 1↗

PubMed2026

GSTT1 promotes stemness and FGFR inhibitor sensitivity in pancreatic cancer through regulation of CD133 (PROM1).

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is among the deadliest malignancies, driven by metastatic progression and profound cellular heterogeneity. We previously identified glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) as a regulator of a slow-cycling, highly metastatic tumor cell population, suggesting that GSTT1High cells may possess stem-like properties. Here, we define the functional and molecular features of this subpopulation in metastatic PDA. Using a mCherry-tagged Gstt1 reporter system in metastatic murine PDAC cells, we enriched for Gstt1High cells and observed increased tumor sphere formation, accompanied by upregulation of stemness-associated genes including PROM1 (CD133) and activation of Wnt and FGF signaling pathways. In human PDA models, CD133HighGSTT1High cells exhibited enhanced tumor sphere initiation and expansion compared to other populations, defining a maximal stem-like state. Notably, sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors was observed only under tumor sphere conditions, highlighting a context-dependent therapeutic vulnerability. Mechanistically, FGFR3 expression correlated with GSTT1 and CD133 levels, and FGF signaling was required to sustain this state. GSTT1 knockdown reduced CD133 protein levels, impaired tumor sphere formation, and altered sensitivity to FGFR inhibition. These findings were largely recapitulated in patient-derived PDA organoids, where GSTT1 and PROM1 co-expression predicted increased tumor sphere formation and enhanced response to the multi-kinase inhibitor Nintedanib. Together, these results identify a GSTT1HighCD133High stem-like subpopulation in metastatic PDA and identify an FGFR-dependent signaling axis that sustains this state, representing a potential therapeutic vulnerability.

AC133 Antigen↗

PubMed2026

Light regulates capsaicinoid biosynthesis via the CaHY5-CaBBX2-CaACS8 module in pepper.

Capsaicinoids are a class of unique alkaloids that confer the pungent taste to pepper fruits. However, it remains largely unknown how light regulates the biosynthesis of capsaicinoids. We conducted a metabolic analysis on light- and dark-adapted pepper fruits. The results showed that dark-adapted pepper fruits had lower capsaicinoid contents and correspondingly downregulated transcription of capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes (CBGs), indicating that light plays a crucial role in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, silencing of CaHY5, a pivotal transcription factor gene in the light signaling pathway, decreased the content of capsaicinoid and suppressed the expression of CBGs, whereas transient overexpression of CaHY5 generated exactly opposite results. CaHY5 can bind to the G-box motif in the promoters of CaBBX2 and CaACS8, thereby enhancing their transcriptional levels. The activated CaBBX2 then binds to the T/G-box in the CaACS8 promoter to stimulate its expression. CaBBX2 or CaACS8 silencing led to decreased levels of capsaicinoids, while their transient overexpression produced increased capsaicinoid contents. Collectively, our results indicated that the light-activated CaHY5-CaBBX2-CaACS8 regulatory module plays a pivotal role in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the influence of light on capsaicinoid biosynthesis and potential targets for activation of this biosynthetic pathway in pepper.

Capsicum↗

PubMed2026

Acetic acid-induced translational repression involves eIF2B body formation and Ded1 sequestration into stress granules in yeast.

Elucidating the physiological impact of acetic acid stress and the corresponding yeast responses is essential for advancing fundamental biology and improving industrial alcoholic fermentation. Despite numerous genome-wide studies, information on the effects of acetic acid stress on yeast translational regulation remains limited. We found that a sublethal concentration of acetic acid (35 mM, 0.2% v/v) causes translational repression, accompanied by the formation of eIF2B bodies and the phosphorylation of eIF2α, both of which are involved in the regulation of translation initiation. Acetic acid also caused the sequestration of Ded1, a DEAD-box RNA helicase crucial for translation initiation, into stress granules. Removal of acetic acid restored translational activity and the proper localization of eIF2B and Ded1, indicating the reversibility of acetic acid-induced translational repression. Furthermore, when yeast cells were pretreated with 0.05% acetic acid, translational repression under subsequent 0.2% acetic acid stress was attenuated in wild-type cells but not in hrk1Δ cells. This indicates that Hrk1, a Pma1 activator, is required to sufficiently enhance tolerance to acetic acid-induced translational repression. These findings provide novel insights into the physiological effects of acetic acid stress on translational activity and translation-related factors in yeast cells.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗

PubMed2026

Parallel evolutionary trajectories rewire enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesion to restore host attachment.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes disease in children, presenting as chronic diarrhea that can impair physical and cognitive development. The attachment of typical EPEC (tEPEC) to the gut epithelium via bundle-forming pili (BFP) is a key factor in its virulence. Yet, infections by atypical EPEC (aEPEC), which lack BFP, have become increasingly common. To investigate how aEPEC recover host-attachment in the absence of BFP, we performed experimental evolution using a non-adherent E. coli, constructed to mimic the ancestor of aEPEC, and selected adherent progeny. Highly adherent variants evolved through phase-variable activation of type I fimbriae (T1F), followed by two alternative trajectories: bacterial filamentation, which increases T1F avidity, or point mutations in the T1F adhesin FimH that enhance ligand affinity. Extending our analysis to the genomes of 327 aEPEC strains isolated from infected patients revealed that similar FimH mutations are common. We further demonstrated experimentally that these naturally occurring variants often increase epithelial-attachment. Our findings implicate T1F in aEPEC pathogenesis and suggest it may be clinically relevant for anti-adhesion therapy. More broadly, these results indicate that impaired host-attachment can be rapidly compensated by upregulating and optimizing an alternative adhesin, and that combining experimental evolution with comparative genomics can reveal evolutionary trajectories occurring in nature.

Bacterial Adhesion↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic accuracy of nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry for solitary fibrous tumour: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry is the diagnostic surrogate for the NAB2::STAT6 fusion of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT); its sensitivity is established, but specificity varies for unexamined reasons. This review quantified pooled accuracy and tested whether antibody clone and nuclear threshold govern specificity. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to 29 June 2026 for studies reporting nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry against a reference standard (NAB2::STAT6 confirmation and/or expert consensus) in SFT and comparators, with extractable two-by-two data. Two reviewers screened, extracted data and applied QUADAS-2. A bivariate generalised linear mixed model gave summary sensitivity and specificity, and exploratory subgroup analysis and meta-regression tested antibody clone, anatomical site and reference-standard type. Twenty-three studies (1216 SFT and 4715 comparators) were included. Summary sensitivity was 98.7% (95% confidence interval 96.7-99.5) and specificity 99.1% (97.8-99.6); the diagnostic odds ratio was approximately 8656. The monoclonal YE361 subgroup (8 studies) reached specificity 99.9% (99.3-100), with one false positive among 861 comparators, versus 98.1% (96.0-99.1) for polyclonal and other antibodies. False positives concentrated in dedifferentiated liposarcoma and prostatic stromal tumours. Estimates were stable after removing studies at higher risk of bias (98.9%/99.1%) and on leave-one-out analysis; the Deeks test was non-significant (p = 0.08). Nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry is therefore highly sensitive and specific for SFT, and the residual specificity loss is structured and largely avoidable: the monoclonal YE361 read at a strict nuclear threshold is preferred, with MDM2 and CDK4 applied to exclude dedifferentiated liposarcoma when nuclear STAT6 is unexpectedly positive.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Characteristics and functions of a cell adhesion molecule PvCadN in Penaeus vannamei during WSSV infection.

Cell adhesion not only maintains the integrity of the organism, but also plays an important role in the immune system, which is involved in modulation in the interaction between host and virus. In this study, a novel cell adhesion molecule from Penaeus vannamei, designated as PvCadN, was investigated. It had the typical molecular characteristics of cadherin family, with multiple extracellular cadherin repeat domains, a transmembrane region, and a conserved β-catenin-binding motif. Pvcadn is expressed ubiquitously across all detected tissues, with the highest transcriptional level in gills. RNA interference-mediated silencing of pvcadn significantly impaired the adhesion ability of shrimp hemocytes. Upon WSSV infection, pvcadn showed a tissue-specific expression pattern, with upregulation in gills and downregulation in hemocytes. Knockdown of pvcadn markedly suppressed the transcription of WSSV immediate-early gene ie1 and replication of the viral genome in vivo, suggesting that PvCadN acted as a potential virus-associated molecule. Furthermore, it was found that PvCadN was regulated by Lvβ-catenin, a core molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway that functions in innate immunity, at the transcriptional and protein levels. Silencing of lvβ-catenin significantly downregulated pvcadn transcription, and Lvβ-catenin bound directly to the Cadherin C domain of PvCadN. In summary, the study revealed that PvCadN was a key cell adhesion molecule involved in WSSV infection, which was regulated by Lvβ-catenin. Our findings will provide fundamental data for further investigation into cadherin-mediated immune regulation in shrimp, and offer new insights for the prevention and control of WSSV.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A chromosomal gtrB homolog and dam differentially contribute to dry-heat and high hydrostatic pressure resistance in Salmonella enterica.

Salmonella enterica can persist in low-moisture foods and shows enhanced dry-heat resistance under low water activity, posing significant food safety challenges. However, the genetic basis of extreme dry-heat resistance and its relationship with other processing stresses remain unclear. In this study, twelve S. enterica strains were screened for dry-heat treatment at 60 °C and 80 °C, with S. Infantis CICC21649 identified as the most resistant strain. Comparative genomics and transcriptional analysis identified candidate genes related to envelope integrity and regulation, including gtrB and dam. Deletion of the chromosomal gtrB homolog reduced dry-heat resistance, producing an additional 0.91-log10 reduction relative to the parent strain at 80 °C. Deletion of dam caused broader stress sensitivity, reducing resistance to both dry heat and high hydrostatic pressure, with the stronger phenotype observed under high hydrostatic pressure. Proteomic analysis of the chromosomal gtrB homolog mutant revealed broad alterations in envelope-associated proteins, transport functions, oxidative stress pathways, and central metabolism under dry-heat stress. These findings indicate that the chromosomal gtrB homolog is an important contributor to extreme dry-heat resistance, whereas dam contributes to resistance against both dry-heat and high hydrostatic pressure, likely through a broader regulatory role in stress adaptation. These results reveal distinct structural and regulatory layers underlying stress adaptation in S. enterica and provide practical guidance for low-moisture food processing by highlighting the need to account for strain-dependent and stress-specific resistance during process validation.

Hydrostatic Pressure↗

PubMed2026

Unraveling a Diagnostic Enigma: A TECPR2 Case Solved Through Multi-Omic Genomics.

TECPR2 is a key regulator of autophagy, encoded by the TECPR2 gene. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been linked to a rare hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability (HSAN9). We report a teenage female with a syndromic intellectual disability disorder associated with neuromuscular abnormalities. Multi-omics analysis including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, together with muscle biopsy from the affected individual, were used in this clinical case. Through trio exome sequencing we identified two heterozygous variants in the TECPR2 gene, NM_014844.4: c.480G>A; p.(Gln160=) and c.2846C>A; p.(Ala949Glu). Both were classified as variants of uncertain significance due to the lack of supporting evidence for pathogenicity. Subsequent long-read sequencing phased the variants and confirmed they were in trans. Additional functional studies using RNAseq and proteomics analyses verified the pathogenicity of the variants. This case study demonstrated the value of a multi-omics assisted analysis, which complemented the traditional phenotype-first approach in reaching a definitive clinical diagnosis.

Humans↗