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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A trial linkage of the road accident and vehicle registration files.

Vehicle characteristics are of importance in all phases of road accident. None, however, are recorded by the police on the road accident registration form in The Netherlands. By linking the Vehicle Registration file to the Road Accident file a number of important vehicle characteristics can be added to the accident record. Theoretically it had to be possible to link both files because there was a common key variable viz. the vehicle registration number, which in The Netherlands is unique and stays with the vehicle its whole life. The test linkage was aimed at determining whether it was also practically possible. It was furthermore aimed at determining the completeness and reliability of both files. The fatal accidents of 1981 were selected to serve for the test because only fatal accidents are completely recorded, and 1981 was the most recent available year at the time. These limitations made it possible for SWOV to carry out a manual control on vehicle make and model, as this is often recorded by the police. Based on the conformity found, the validity of the linking by vehicle registration number was found to be 94% and the reliability at least 95%. The conclusion is therefore that the linkage can be accomplished in practice and that it reliably adds useful vehicle characteristics to the police records on fatal road accidents. This complementary information is in the first place important for deeper analysis of the relationship between, on the one hand, accident and injury characteristics and, on the other hand, the vehicle characteristics.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1979

Theory of single-file noise.

A general theoretical approach to the analysis of electric fluctuations generated by the so-called single-file diffusion through narrow channels is presented. The formalism is a slight extension of an approach to electric fluctuations in discrete transport systems with negligible interactions between the particles recently developed by one of the authors. In the single-file transport mechanism interactions between the particles must be taken into account. Three main results of principal interest are: (a) the electric fluctuations around stationary states (at equilibrium and non-equilibrium) are determined by the time-dependent solutions of the macroscopic single-file transport equations, (b) as a direct consquence of the interactions between the ions in the single-file transport the macroscopic time-dependent current and the autocorrelation function of the microscopic current fluctuations can exhibit damped oscillatory behavior, and the current noise spectrum can show peaking, (c) the number of binding sites for the ions within the pores seems to have a strong influence on the oscillatory behavior: with increasing number of binding sites the damping of the oscillations decreases and the peaking of the spectrum becomes stronger.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1984

Portable file management system in FORTRAN.

It has been generally considered that FORTRAN is inferior to MUMPS and other computer languages in its facility to manipulate files and that it is not satisfactorily competent to handle databases. However, it is our finding that FORTRAN is the most widely used language in patient data management systems discussed in recently published papers. Therefore, it now seems appropriate to review and evaluate the validity of this general belief. The objective of this study is to establish a file management system in FORTRAN 77 for use in the construction of a clinical database. Comparative study is conducted on several problems associated with file manipulation, that is, time requirement for file access and access methods for data retrieval.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

Managing research data with self-documenting files.

Processing biomedical research data is frequently complex due to the evolutionary nature of experiments and the requisite modification of analysis software. For the past several years we have been evolving a set of software tools designed to improve our ability to respond to evolving experimental designs. These tools allow the investigator to easily manipulate the research data and specify desired data transformations at run time. Coupling of analysis software to research data files is dependent on data files that are commented in a manner similar to that used in programming languages. The resulting annotated data files are self-documenting, and their use facilitates visual interpretation of displayed data as well as automatic processing of subsets of data. Here we present a formal description of a self-documenting file and describe several software tools that facilitate processing of biomedical research data.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1983

[Method of file sorting for mini- and microcomputers].

The authors describe a new sorting method of files which belongs to the class of direct-addressing sorting methods. It makes use of a variant of the classical technique of 'virtual memory'. It is particularly well suited to mini- and micro-computers which have a small core memory (32 K words, for example) and are fitted with a direct-access peripheral device, such as a disc unit. When the file to be sorted is medium-sized (some thousand records), the running of the program essentially occurs inside the core memory and consequently, the method becomes very fast. This is very important because most medical files handled in our laboratory are in this category. However, the method is also suitable for big computers and large files; its implementation is easy. It does not require any magnetic tape unit, and it seems to us to be one of the fastest methods available.

Computers↗
PubMed1975

Chairside decontamination of endodontic files.

Chairside decontamination. of files and reamers is attempted during root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some techniques for reducing the number of microorganisms of artificially contaminated endodontic files. Endodontic files were artificially contaminated with about 10,000 colony-forming units of either B. subtilis spores or S. mitis. The files containing the bacteria were then subjected to various decontamination procedures. Although sterilization was not achieved with any procedure, the bead sterilizer was found to be the most effective decontamination method tested. All gauze wipings showed reductions greater than 90 per cent. It was concluded that wiping with 2 by 2 inch gauze is a highly efficient and practical method of chairside decontamination

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1995

The use of unofficial "problem patient" files and interinstitutional information transfer in emergency medicine in Iowa.

The study objectives were to determine the use of "problem patient" files in full-time Emergency Departments (EDs) in the state of Iowa and the frequency of telephone calls made between these departments about drug-seeking patients. The design and setting were a mail survey of 42 EDs in the state of Iowa determined to be staffed full-time by an in-house physician. The participants were the directors of the full time EDs in the state of Iowa. There were no interventions. The measurements and main results are as follows: 38 of 42 sites responded for a response rate of 90%. Of these, 58% keep problem patient lists and consult them an average of 2.6 times per week (range, 0.2 to 7.5). Only 5% have a policy limiting access to the information in these files, and only 14% have any controls over the adding of information. Thirty-seven of the 38 sites reported making and receiving calls to and from other institutions about drug-seeking patients. The mean number of calls made is 23 a year, and the mean number received is 20 per year. Problem patient files are common in EDs in Iowa, as are calls between institutions about drug-seeking patients. These practices compromise patient confidentiality but may be potentially justified in some instances. The lack of controls on access to patient information files and lack of scrutiny of information entered is of concern.

Communication↗
PubMed2004

Real World Endo Sequence File.

As a result of the quest for a better, simpler technique, Real World Endo in partnership with Brasseler USA has developed a new endodontic file and sequence. It is hoped that this file and sequence will satisfy many of the current demands of modern root canal therapy and be user friendly. This article discusses the benefits of a fully tapered preparation, the general design of rotary files, and the specific design and use of Real World Endo Sequence File.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between object files and conscious perception.

Object files (OFs) are hypothesized mid-level representations which mediate our conscious perception of persisting objects-e.g. telling us 'which went where'. Despite the appeal of the OF framework, not previous research has directly explored whether OFs do indeed correspond to conscious percepts. Here we present at least one case wherein conscious percepts of 'which went where' in dynamic ambiguous displays diverge from the analogous correspondence computed by the OF system. Observers viewed a 'bouncing/streaming' display in which two identical objects moved such that they could have either bounced off or streamed past each other. We measured two dependent variables: (1) an explicit report of perceived bouncing or streaming; and (2) an implicit 'object-specific preview benefit' (OSPB), wherein a 'preview' of information on a specific object speeds the recognition of that information at a later point when it appears again on the same object (compared to when it reappears on a different object), beyond display-wide priming. When the displays were manipulated such that observers had a strong bias to perceive streaming (on over 95% of the trials), there was nevertheless a strong OSPB in the opposite direction-such that the object files appeared to have 'bounced' even though the percept 'streamed'. Given that OSPBs have been taken as a hallmark of the operation of object files, the five experiments reported here suggest that in at least some specialized (and perhaps ecologically invalid) cases, conscious percepts of 'which went where' in dynamic ambiguous displays can diverge from the mapping computed by the object-file system.

Attention↗
PubMed2006

The effects of sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), Chlorhexidine (2%), and Glyde File Prep on the bond strength of MTA-dentin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), chlorhexidine (2%), and Glyde File Prep on the bond strengths of MTA-dentin in vitro. Standardized dentin disks were prepared and the central hole in each disk was filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The specimens were randomly divided into four groups to be immersed in saline, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine, and Glyde File Prep for 2 hours. The bond strengths of MTA-dentin were measured with a material testing system (MTS) and the fractured surfaces on the root walls were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Compared with the control group, the bond strengths were significantly lower in Glyde File Prep group (p < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the chlorhexidine group or in the NaOCl group (p > 0.05). This study suggested that Glyde File Prep could negatively affect the bond strengths of MTA-dentin.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2006

Effect of three nickel-titanium rotary file techniques on infected root dentin reduction.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the bacterial reduction of in vitro infected root canals after instrumentation by 3 nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files with different taper and diameter versus manual stainless steel files. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-four single-rooted human teeth were infected with a suspension of Streptococcus sanguis measured by optical density. Teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups of 16 and prepared with Flexofiles, GT rotary files, HERO 642, and ProFile. Bacterial samplings were performed before (S1), during (S2-S3), and after (S4) instrumentation. RESULTS: All techniques significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells in the root canals (P < .05). There was no significant difference between NiTi and manual instrumentation at S2, S3, or S4. Concerning bacterial reduction, the results suggest that a manual stainless steel file preparation is as efficient as a NiTi rotary instrumentation. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the root canal preparation technique, its taper, and diameter, the root dentin remained infected and was not bacteria-free at the end of the experiment.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Canal Master files: scanning electron microscopic evaluation of new instruments and their wear with clinical usage.

Canal Master instruments have a short, fluted cutting area and a small flexible shaft; they may be predisposed to rapid wear and breakage. This study examined new and used files as to tip, flute, and shaft design when new and with increasing time of canal preparation. One hundred files prepared 140 curved canals. Sizes #20, #40, and #60 files were examined unused and after 1, 3, 5, and 7 min of use. Evaluation was for uniformity when new and for deterioration and breakage with usage. The smaller sizes (#20 and #40) had some inconsistencies when new and were most predisposed to wear and breakage with time. Findings suggest that smaller files could have had improved quality control by the manufacturer. Also, they should be used with caution and discarded after short times of use in small, curved canals. This should minimize instrument separation and maximize cutting efficiency.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1990

Machining efficiency of endodontic files: a new methodology.

The ability of endodontic files to effectively remove hard tissues is difficult to assess as results from published investigations often vary considerably. An analysis is presented of errors occurring during efficiency assessments. It was found that the machining property varies around the circumference of a single file as well as between various files of the same brand. A new method is proposed for the assessment of the quantity and quality of the machining properties of an endodontic file.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1996

A new ultrasonic canal preparation system with electronic monitoring of file tip position.

A new ultrasonic root canal preparation system has been developed that electronically monitors the location of the file tip during all instrumentation procedures. The Root ZX has been adapted for this purpose, and its filter circuit effectively cuts out the large spike noise of the ultrasonic unit. During enlargement of the canal, the ultrasonic vibration of the file can be stopped at any desired position on the meter. Extracted human tooth models with electronically measurable canals were used to test the device. Pre- and postoperative shapes of the root canals were evaluated using contact microradiography. The autostop mechanism worked correctly. Using a weak power and fine files, straightening, ledge formation, and file breakage were minimal. It seems that this system minimized the danger of overinstrumentation and could be safely applied in clinical practice.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of curved canal instrumentation using nickel-titanium or stainless steel files with the balanced-force technique.

The Flex-R file was compared with the Onyx nickel-titanium file in respect to canal center movement and final canal area after balanced-force instrumentation. Forty-two root canals in extracted human molars were divided into two equal groups of 21, in all of which the angle of curvature ranged from 20 to 40 degrees. After mounting in a mold, each root was sectioned at two locations, providing an apical and a coronal section. Pre- and postinstrumentational 35-mm photographic slides of each section were superimposed, projected, traced, and then scanned into a computer. From these computerized pre- and postinstrumentation images, the movement of the canal center and the area of each canal were computed at both the apical and coronal sections. Results showed no significant difference in canal center movement or postinstrumentation area when Flex-R or Onyx files were used at the apical section. Coronally, the Flex-R files demonstrated more movement of the canal center. No significant correlation was found between the angle of root curvature and canal movement or the angle of root curvature and postinstrumentation canal area.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed1996

The sterilization of endodontic hand files.

Several different methods of file sterilization were analyzed to determine the best method of providing complete file sterility, including the metal shaft and plastic handle. Six test groups of 15 files were studied using Bacillus stearothermophilus as the test organism. Groups were "sterilized" by glutaraldehyde immersion, steam autoclaving, and various techniques of salt sterilization. Only proper steam autoclaving reliably produced completely sterile instruments. Salt sterilization and glutaraldehyde solutions may not be adequate sterilization methods for endodontic hand files and should not be relied on to provide completely sterile instruments.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1997

Effect of heat sterilization on the torsional properties of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether heat sterilization adversely effects the torsional properties of rotary nickel-titanium files, making them more prone to fracture under torsional stress. Nine hundred sizes 2 through 10 Profile Series 29.04 taper files were divided into groups of 10 files each and sterilized 0, 1, 5, or 10 times in the steam autoclave, Statim autoclave, or dry heat sterilizer. Then, they were subjected to torsional testing in a Torquemeter Memocouple. Complete data were collected for sizes 2 through 7, but not for sizes 8 through 10 because their torque resistance exceeded the testing limits of the Torquemeter Memocouple. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare all experimental groups in sizes 2 through 7 with their unsterilized controls (p < 0.05). Fifty-four comparisons were made for torsional strength and 54 for rotational flexibility. Ten significant changes occurred for torsional strength and 10 for rotational flexibility. Eight of 10 changes in torsional strength were increases. Fifty-two of 54 (96.3%) comparisons for torsional strength and 47 of 54 (87%) for rotational flexibility showed a significant increase or no change. Therefore, heat sterilization of rotary nickel-titanium files up to 10 times does not increase the likelihood of instrument fracture.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Precurving of nickel-titanium files affects transportation in simulated canals.

Instrumentation studies comparing nickel-titanium with stainless-steel files have been performed without precurving the nickel-titanium files. It is unknown what influence the precurving of nickel-titanium files would have on transportation in small curved canals of varying curvatures. One hundred-sixty resin blocks with simulated canals were used. Eighty blocks had gradual (gradual curve (GC)) 30-degree curves; the remainder had abrupt (abrupt curve (AC)) 30-degree curves. Ten blocks for each curvature and for each degree of precurving (0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45) were instrumented with a machine that imparted only an in and out motion. Simulated canals were a size 30 at the apex, and size 30 nickel-titanium files were used to instrument the canals. A transportation "t" index was determined at two levels: T1 (1 mm from the apex) and TB (a line bisecting the curve of the canal). For GC at T1 and TB, 45- and 25-degree curved instruments, respectively, produced significantly less transportation (p < 0.0001). For AC at T1 and TB, 35- and 0-degree curved instruments, respectively, produced significantly less transportation (p < 0.0001). Comparing GC and AC, the transportation for GC was significantly less (p < 0.0015).

Dental Alloys↗