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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dynamic training and circulating levels of corticotropin-releasing factor, beta-lipotropin and beta-endorphin in rheumatoid arthritis.

The study aimed at evaluating the effects of a dynamic training program on circulating levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH), and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) in 8 patients (5 females and 3 males, aged 39-65 years) with classical/definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Blood samples were collected immediately before, in the middle of, and after a 6-week high-intensity training period as well as after a subsequent 1-year period of low-intensity training. In addition, baseline data were obtained 3 weeks before the start of the training program. Use of multivariate analyses of variance, and of analyses of variance of contrast variables, indicated a short-term effect of the high-intensity training program for beta-EP with increased levels (P less than 0.05) between the 3rd and the 6th weeks, no significant differences being obtained for CRF or beta-LPH here. Corresponding analyses with regard to the combined high and low-intensity training program revealed CRF (P less than 0.01), and beta-LPH (P less than 0.01) levels to increase over time, no long-term effect being found for beta-EP. Despite the intensity of the dynamic training program, no change was found in pain experience as measured on a visual analogue scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Muscle function in rheumatoid arthritis. Assessment and training.

The conclusions can be summarized as follows: experienced problems of muscle function were reported in about 80% of RA and OA patients for whom there was involvement of large joints of the lower extremities; RA and OA patients did not differ as to experienced problems of muscle strength, endurance and balance/coordination; problems of muscle function were correlated with functional tests of muscle strength but not with those of endurance and balance/coordination; problems of muscle strength were found to correlate with LE-ADL, whereas problems of endurance and balance/coordination were not found to correlate with the latter; the translated and slightly modified version of the HAQ questionnaire appeared to possess a high degree of reliability and validity in assessing disability in patients with RA under Swedish conditions; a quantitative battery of tests for the evaluation of standing balance on a computerized force platform was found to be satisfactorily reliable and to correlate in healthy subjects with most of the functional tests employed; in healthy subjects, standing balance appeared to be related not only to age but also to sex, males and older age groups showing greater postural sway than females and persons of younger age groups; compared with healthy subjects, RA subjects showed significantly greater postural sway, differences being greatest for those tests representing a relatively high level of difficulty; dynamic training for six weeks appeared to provide RA patients with a greater increase in physical capacity of the lower extremities than did static training, the gains thus obtained still being present after an additional three-month period; the effectiveness of the dynamic training programs did not vary with the degree of supervision of training by a physiotherapist, i.e. of 12 visits or 4 being made at the health care centre; despite the intensity of the dynamic training-program employed with RA patients, no increase in pain experience or disease activity was found during the training-period; during short-term high-intensity training a significant increase in circulating beta-EP was found between the 3rd and 6th weeks of training, no increase in CRF and beta-LPH being present; following a long-term low-intensity training period, a significant increase of CRF and beta-LPH was found, no similar increase being noted for beta-EP.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Rehabilitation and biomechanics.

In the area of rehabilitation and biomechanics, several articles divided into five categories, including therapeutic heat, foot and ankle orthotics, exercise in elderly arthritis patients, muscle strengthening in rheumatoid arthritis, and arthroplasty and immobilization are reviewed. Superficial heat was demonstrated to increase intra-articular temperature, and therefore, may be detrimental. On the other hand, local deep microwave hyperthermia appears to have potential therapeutic benefits. The role and effectiveness of foot orthotic devices are reviewed. The problem and treatment of forefoot varus is emphasized. A new technique of measuring subpedal pressure in the shoe is presented, demonstrating reduced foot pressures by certain types of footwear. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis wee present in 23% of a nursing home population, but were a substantial factor for placement in only 15%. However, this group had higher pain scores, depended more on wheelchair use, and was more likely to have significant functional limitations. Exciting new data on strengthening the quadriceps in the frail elderly, whose mean age was 90.2 years, are reviewed. The relationship of quadriceps muscle strength and maximum voluntary strength as a function of age and gender and the effects of an endurance training program in 15 physically compromised nursing home residents is discussed. A static and a dynamic training program for rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared. The dynamic group significantly increased muscle strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity as compared to the static group, without any increase in disease activity. The results further showed that a home program was beneficial. Interesting data presented show that using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer (Lumex, Bayshore, NY) test was reliable for normal control and for rheumatoid arthritis patients who were stronger.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

SQUID: a program for the analysis and display of data from crystallography and molecular dynamics.

SQUID is a flexible computer program that allows the analysis and display of molecular coordinates from crystallography, NMR, and molecular dynamics. The program can also display two-dimensional and three-dimensional data using many graph types, as well as perform array processing of data with numerous intrinsic functions. Graphics are based on the use of "move" and "draw" instructions, allowing easy development of new device drivers, including vector plotters.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Program evaluation. Part 1: Four generations of theory.

Program evaluation is necessary for understanding and improving educational programs in nursing, but it is frequently surrounded by a climate of unease and perplexity. This first article in a two-part series reviews and evaluates extant models of program evaluation using Guba and Lincoln's four generations of evaluation as a theoretical framework. The second article (November/December 1990) examines the state-of-the-art of program evaluation in nursing education and proposes implementation of a responsive model of program evaluation in schools of nursing. The series aims to foster more dynamic, efficient program analysis, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of nursing's educational programs.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Observer-based dynamic patient modeling for diagnostic computer programs in long term treatment.

This article shows the dynamic patient model concept, the major argument of which is that the state of the patient could change during the computer aided diagnostic procedure. It introduces the definition of quasi parallel diagnostic systems and quasi parallel sensitive points. A kind of verification procedure can be seen for classical diagnostics, examining diagnostic systems by temporally behavior. The rest of the paper represents an adaptive diagnostic structure, convenient for observing and monitoring a dynamically modeled patient in long term treatment. The basis of the structure shown here is the observer theory presented and applied previously in signal processing.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changing men's attitudes and behavior: the Zimbabwe Male Motivation Project.

A multimedia communication campaign was conducted between 1988 and 1989 to promote family planning among men in Zimbabwe. The campaign consisted of a 52-episode semiweekly radio soap opera, about 60 motivational talks, and two pamphlets about contraceptive methods. Changes over time were measured by comparing a subset of a follow-up survey conducted from October to December 1989 to a baseline survey conducted from April to June 1988. Men exposed to the campaign were also compared to men who were not exposed. The follow-up survey revealed that the campaign reached 52 percent of men aged 18 to 55. Among married Shona-speaking men, use of modern contraceptive methods increased from about 56 percent to 59 percent during the campaign. Condom use increased from about 5 percent to 10 percent. Awareness and current use of modern contraceptives was also higher among men exposed to the campaign, primarily because of their greater awareness of condoms. Men exposed to the campaign were significantly more likely than other men to make the decision to use family planning and to say that both spouses should decide how many children to have.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and fertility decline in Chogoria, Kenya.

This article describes the results pertaining to fertility and family planning from a 1985 survey conducted in the catchment area of Chogoria Hospital in central Kenya. Current contraceptive prevalence was found to be quite high, 43 percent as opposed to 17 percent for Kenya as a whole. The total fertility rate of 5.2 births per woman was 2.5 births lower than the national rate. Very few women reported wanting to have large numbers of children or thinking that fate or God should determine family size. Although these data cannot conclusively demonstrate that the family planning program operating in the area has been responsible for reduced fertility there, they do provide some support for this hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Intensive back exercises 5 weeks after surgery of lumbar disk prolapse. A prospective, randomized multicenter trial with a historical control group].

An intensive, dynamic rehabilitation program applied to patients who had undergone first time lumbar discectomy was evaluated in a multicentre, clinical trial. Ninety-six patients between 18 and 70 years of age who had been operated within the period September 1989 to May 1990 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen County Hospital, Glostrup were consecutively randomized into one of two rehabilitation programs: a) traditional mild, general mobility-improving exercises within pain limits; or b) intensive dynamic back extension and abdominal exercises without low back pain being the limiting factor. Both groups underwent 14 hours of treatment over a period of six weeks, starting five weeks after surgery. Seventy-six patients operated within the period January 1989 to September 1989 formed the historical control group. The results at follow-up at 26 weeks favoured intensive exercises with regard to the patients disability-index and working capabilities. The results are statistically significant. After one year a trend favouring intensive exercises can be observed. No differences in pain or objective measurements were found. A rehabilitation program using intensive exercises without back pain being the limiting factor appears to give the patients increased behavioural support, resulting in improvements in work capacity and reduction in patients' self-rated disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The demographic impact of the family planning--health services project in Matlab, Bangladesh.

This paper evaluates the demographic impact of the Family Planning-Health Services Project in Matlab Thana of rural Bangladesh. The project was begun by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh in October 1977. Contraceptive services--including pills, condoms, IUDs, sterilization, and injectables--are supplemented by oral rehydration, tetanus toxoid, and other services. About 33 percent of eligible couples are using contraception. Impact is evaluated by direct measurement of birth rates in the treatment and comparison areas. An overall fertility decline of about 25 percent is observed, concentrated among older women. The impact is two-to-three times that of an earlier project that included fewer methods and used lesser trained workers. The study shows that intensive family planning efforts can affect fertility in the absence of socioeconomic changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reweighting DHS data to serve multiple perspectives.

Information about health and family planning infrastructures is collected through the service availability module (SAM), an important feature of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in many developing countries. The DHS samples were designed to provide a representative sample of households and women of reproductive age. Using the weights routinely provided with DHS data sets, service accessibility can be described straightforwardly at the individual and household levels. However, without further adjustment, SAM data do not provide a representative picture of service delivery at the community, or primary sampling unit, level, where the data are collected. This report proposes a methodology for reweighting the SAM data, using rural data from the Egypt DHS as an illustration, so that available family planning facilities at this level may be usefully characterized at little additional cost.

Adolescent↗