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"Mystic moon".

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Affect↗
PubMed1987

[Neomysticism in medicine. The example of homeopathy].

The revival of neomysticism, especially promoted by nonqualified representatives of press and tv, leads to a worldwide trend to homoeopathy, acupuncture, herb-cure, Christian-Science, and to many others. According to the comprehensive publications of Prokop, the successful treatment by paramedical methods are due to placebo and self-healing. The statements of paramedical representatives will be accepted by the public, if representatives of science do not offer adequate criticism. Successful healing by any kind of treatment--e.g. of disturbances of well-being--is well established. Representatives of paramedicine applying "mystical treatment" to humans are obliged with necessity to explain success as "mysticism". In any case it is unwise to use the basis of natural science to explain mystic phenomena, as the representative of paramedicine--and occasionally a "mystic-oriented" representative of natural science--proves his lack of sound judgement.

Homeopathy↗
PubMed2001

Determining the value of antimicrobial surveillance programs.

Antimicrobial surveillance programs provide important information on the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms in different geographical regions. Data concerning these mechanisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance allows the implementation of changes in antimicrobial prescribing practices and infection control interventions. The three most widely known global surveillance programs currently in active operation are: The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC), The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, and The Alexander Project. This presentation reviews these surveillance programs, using a set of key criteria in order to assess the significance of each program in monitoring the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The content of the MYSTIC Program monitors the in vitro performance of meropenem in hospital units in which this drug is actively prescribed. This distinguishes the MYSTIC Program from the other two major surveillance programs as it seeks to correlate antimicrobial resistance data, collected from high carbapenem usage institutions, with antimicrobial prescribing patterns over time. The MYSTIC Program and other assessed networks appear to be both valuable and complementary in their design and function.

Drug Resistance, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

Preface.

Efficient monitoring for the emergence of resistance to various antimicrobial agents has, in the face of global trends in resistance, recently assumed great importance. Many programmes have been developed to survey resistance, each varying in scope or emphasis as well as commitment to long-term monitoring. A programme that specifically addresses pathogens from populations of the most severely ill patients is the Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC). This programme was started in 1997 to monitor carbapenem activity in vitro in centres using carbapenems because their prevalent strains were resistant to other beta-lactams and drug classes. Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem and differs microbiologically from imipenem by having a greater potency in vitro against many Gram-negative pathogens and a slightly lower potency against some Gram-positive pathogens. Meropenem has improved stability to renal-based enzymatic metabolism, and does not require the addition of an enzyme inhibitor such as cilastatin. Material in this publication is based on the many abstracts and oral presentations delivered at recent national and international meetings including: the International Congress of Infectious Disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina (April, 2000); the European Congress of Chemotherapy in Madrid, Spain (May, 2000); and the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease in Stockholm, Sweden (May, 2000). All of the authors are active participants in the MYSTIC programme and bring to it experience in the design of surveillance studies and the detection of resistance mechanisms. Professor Jones discusses the most useful ways of storing and presenting susceptibility data to preserve the long-term value of all results. He argues for the publication of expanded study details and the limited use of MIC(90) values or susceptibility rates. Dr Turner has coordinated the MYSTIC programme, and he summarizes here the similarities and differences in the results seen to date between the Americas, Europe and centres in Asia and the Middle East. The Americas have been one of the most recently monitored regions. Professors Pfaller and Jones give baseline data for the USA (10 sites), Mexico and Brazil. Professor Goossen's article focuses on the results of MYSTIC in the European centres. Doctor Masterton presents a comprehensive overview of various surveillance studies and assesses their value and characteristics for the continued optimal management of infected patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Reform of the treatment given to mental health patients in modern Spain].

Nursing for mental health patients was not born as a field of knowledge but rather as customary practice, that is, it was not born from a theoretical study, as a reflective exercise on the nature of appropriate treatment, but as a violent reaction against human indignity. Using the example of the Portuguese man Juan Ciudad Duarte, known as Saint John of God, the author removes the saintly nature of his man to introduce us to his most human side as a reformer, set in a historical context marked by the humanistic renaissance era and by his territory, the recently conquered Granada. Based on two cultural focuses of the Renaissance, mystical thinking and the disease of melancholy, we can get close to the origin of mental health care in Spain. Not due to a contemplative mysticism, but an active mysticism induces Juan Ciudad to rebel against the established order. Furthermore he does this using the metaphor of madness and madman in an epoch when melancholy was considered to be an evil which possessed the enlightened, a disease which afflicted the reformers, those who had crossed beyond the borders of acceptable behavior and thinking. Through this means, mysticism and melancholic humor became the basic formula which made it culturally possible to renovate the model for treating mental patients in modern Spain.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1992

Visions of body and soul.

Inspiration for the Sacred Mirrors emerged after I had a series of mystical experiences that caused me to redefine my view of consciousness and the self. I saw the body as not just a solid isolated object in a world of separate forms and existential anxiety, but more like a manifestation of primordial energy of awareness that was everywhere present.... I wanted my paintings to visually chart the spectrum of consciousness from material perception to spiritual insight, and to function, if possible, as symbolic portals to the mystical dimension.... The obvious way was to present a believable and almost hyper-real portrayal of the physical body and then seduce the viewer into the stranger mystical dimensions.

Consciousness↗
PubMed1984

The popularity of injections in the Third World: origins and consequences for poliomyelitis.

Paralysis from poliomyelitis may follow injections yet injections are extremely popular in the Third World. Some injections are given by hospital doctors and nurses but the majority are given by traditional healers, pharmacists and paramedical workers who have acquired syringes. Many injections may be given to a sick child. I suggest that the early use of vaccines did not persuade people of the mystic of injections and that the mystic predated the use of penicillin. The earliest mystical result would have been the injection of quinine for malaria and antrypal for sleeping sickness. The words brilliant, spectacular and dramatic were first used to describe the mass campaigns against yaws and kala-azar in the 1920s and 1930s. A single injection healed the ugly lesions in a week: cause and effect were visible. In the 1950s penicillin was used in mass eradication campaigns. The countries where injections are so popular correspond roughly with the areas of mass eradication programmes. Many or perhaps most of the injections are not sterile and present a great risk of attendant paralysis. Proof that injections are causal may be impossible. Meanwhile we need to know why injections are so popular and how they can be less so.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of materialism and spiritualism in substance abuse research.

OBJECTIVE: A modified version of an instrument called the Mathew Materialism-Spiritualism Scale (MMSS), originally developed in India, was evaluated for possible use in substance abuse research in the U.S. METHOD: The scale was administered to 62 individuals recovering from substance use, 20 clergy people and 61 general controls. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability for the MMSS was verified by administering it to 18 control subjects on two separate occasions, 7 days apart. The Pearson correlation for the MMSS total scores was 0.83 (p < .0001). Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha in the entire sample of 143 subjects; the result for the total score was .93. Factor analysis showed a factor structure compatible with the subscales proposed by the developer. Women, in general, obtained higher spirituality scores. Members of the recovering group obtained significantly higher scores on "character" and "mysticism" than the general controls. When general controls were divided into MAST positive and MAST negative individuals, the MAST positive group obtained lower scores than the recovering group for "God," "mysticism" and "character." MAST negative individuals had lower scores on "mysticism" than the recovering group. Christians had higher scores on "God" and "religion" subscales than did nonChristians and agnostics. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study need confirmation using an improved methodology and larger sample sizes. However, they suggest that the scale may be useful for the study of spirituality in the U.S.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Right hemisphericity, low self-esteem, and unusual experiences: a response to Vingiano.

Vingiano's (1992) challenge concerning the relationship between right hemisphericity, low self-esteem, mystical experiences, and religiosity can be clarified by the concept of vectorial hemisphericity. Ontogenetic intrusions of right-hemispheric processes into the left hemispheric sense of self should be experienced most frequently as an apprehensive "presence" that results in lower self-esteem. Because transient above-normal left-hemispheric activity enhances positive affect and the sense of self, concurrent right-hemispheric intrusions are experienced as mystical experiences. Religiosity would be the consequence of persistent above-normal left-temporofrontal activation that encourages the delusion. Hence, extreme conditions, such as left lateralized temporal-lobe epileptic foci, encourage both mystical and religious experiences.

Adult↗