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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A computer program for estimating individualized probabilities of breast cancer.

A computer program is presented for estimating the absolute risk of developing breast cancer over a specified age interval for women with combinations of five risk factors, namely age at menarche, age at first live birth, family history of breast cancer, number of previous breast biopsies, and presence of atypical hyperplasia in biopsy specimens. Statistical methods have been developed and applied to data from the Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project to obtain (i) point estimates of absolute risk by combining relative risk estimates from case-control data and estimated composite incidence rates from cohort data, and (ii) confidence intervals by using implicit delta-method arguments. The program is interactive and easy to use and is therefore well suited to assist in medical counseling. For instance, women with high estimated risk might be advised to undergo a program of frequent surveillance with mammography. An executable version for IBM-compatible PCs is available from the author upon submission of a PC diskette formatted with MS-DOS.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An interactive computer program to teach and investigate diagnostic processing.

An interactive computer program designed to present information about a patient taken from a history, physical examination and investigations is described. The application and advantages of the technique for the purposes of teaching and investigating medical (diagnostic) problem-solving are briefly discussed.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1985

A computer program to prepare and answer multiple choice questions.

A computer program to develop files of multiple choice questions for examination and teaching purposes is described. The program enables an examiner to prepare and modify up to 50 short answer questions with either a single or multiple correct answer format, and allows one to review the students answers individually or collectively, updating the item discrimination and difficulty indices each time a student performs the test. It also provides the option of answering the question file with or without review of the correct answer and reference.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

PROBE: a computer program employing an integrated neural network approach to protein structure prediction.

A computer program, PROBE, has been designed for the prediction of protein structural features from amino acid sequence. This program integrates a variety of computer-simulated neural networks, each predicting an aspect of protein structure, into a single, easy-to-use package. The surface accessibility of each residue, the presence of disulfide bonds, the overall secondary structure composition and the residue secondary structures, including beta-turn type, are predicted. In addition, the overall amino acid composition and relative hydrophobicity are used to determine whether a protein belongs to one of four common folding motifs. PROBE is able to compare and synergistically improve the predictions by allowing communication between the different networks.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

A computer program for the morphometric analysis of cell profiles.

A computer program which yields values for the volumes, surface areas, and volume/surface area ratios of cell profiles is described for use on a desktop calculator (minicomputer). This program uses standard morphometric procedures, and incorporates data obtained from electron micrographs at two levels of sampling. The main program yields values for the 'average cell volume' at the tissue level of sampling. Two options at the cellular level of sampling are also included which yield values for the volumes, surface areas and volume/surface area ratios for the organelles. The first option allows an analysis of 'whole cells' containing equatorial profiles through the nucleus, while the second option permits a 'fractional' approach using segments of the cells. Finally, some of the advantages of the two options are discussed.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1992

Bound and determined: a computer program for making buffers of defined ion concentrations.

A computer program that allows the preparation of buffers containing known concentrations of metal-ligand complexes at defined pH values and temperatures is described. Ligands are defined as compounds that bind metals and may include AMP, ADP, ATP, GMP, GDP, GTP, EGTA, EDTA, BAPTA, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, organophosphates, and/or citric acid. Metals may include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and/or manganese. The program uses association constants corrected for temperature and ionic strength so that solutions between 0 and 40 degrees C and between pH values of 4 and 10 can be defined. The program can perform the following: (i) calculate the concentration of all metal-ligand complexes when total metal and total ligand concentrations are known, (ii) calculate the concentration of metal ion required to make a solution of known free metal ion concentration when total ligand concentrations are known, (iii) calculate the concentration of ligand required to make a solution of known free metal ion concentration when total metal concentrations are known, and (iv) calculate the total concentrations of metal and ligand required to make a buffer of known metal-ligand concentration. Options i-iii are useful for making buffers of defined free metal ion concentrations; option iv is useful for making buffers of defined metal-nucleotide concentrations.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2002

A new WIN32 computer program for estimating immunoassay variance functions.

A new WIN32 computer program for estimating immunoassay variance functions is described. It replaces and enhances an MS-DOS version written more than a decade ago. Input data can consist of either runs of raw replicated measurements (maximum: 40,000 observations) or sets of values of N, mean and SD (maximum: 20,000 sets). Data can be imported from Paradox, dBase, Foxpro or Access database tables, from text files, or via the Windows clipboard. The program produces histogram plots of sets of replicates and plots containing up to 12 variance functions expressed in terms of variance, SD or CV(%) versus the mean (imprecision profiles). Any specified view of a variance function graph can be inset into any other view. Interactive point and click design dialogues give virtually complete control over graph appearance. Graphs can be exported to external applications via the clipboard or disk files, in either bitmap or Windows enhanced metafile format.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Fractional Design Wizard: a computer program for cost-effective experimental research design.

The computer program Fractional Design Wizard creates fractional factorial designs that are cost-effective and especially useful for discarding irrelevant factors from a large number of possible candidates. The program is intended for researchers who are relatively new to the field of fractional design and who want to acquaint themselves with the use of fractions for the reduction of large experimental designs. Fractional designs allow estimation of main effects, and sometimes two-way interactions, without one's having to examine all treatment conditions. The program needs Microsoft Windows 95 or better and 32 MB of memory. In a step-by-step fashion, the user can specify the required properties of the fractional design. When there are more valid designs, the user can generate these successively. If necessary, the user can go back to diminish the requirements. The output can be copied, printed, and saved. The program generates all the information that is needed for the use and interpretation of fractional designs. A help file explains the use of the program and also the purpose, the analysis, and the interpretation of fractional designs. The program, which is written in Object Pascal, is available as freeware on www.fss.uu.nl/ms/hl/fracdes.htm.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possibilities of the application of regression analysis and analysis of variance. II. Assessment and comparison of acute toxicity: presentation and practical application of the interactive computer program "LD50-MORTALITY".

The paper presents the interactive computer program "LD50-MORTALITY", written in the program language BASIC and used for the assessment of the acute toxicity (calculation of LD50 and other LD values) based on the algorithm of the Finney's probit analysis method. The correctness of the program execution has been shown on the test-example of assessment the acute toxicity (LD50 an LD90) of insecticide rotenone on Macrosiphonelia sanborni (the example is taken from the literature on probit analysis presentation). The results obtained by the program execution have been identical or similar to those given in the example. The results of the assessment and comparison of LD50 have also been presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

[A computer program for assessing nutritional status and diet preparation].

This computer program has been written in a BASIC language and designed to assess the nutritional status by means of anthropometrical, immunological and clinical data. Additionally, it is useful for the design and elaboration of personalized diets. The use of this program will allow to work with a great amount of nutritional information, besides, it will outstandingly reduce work time and increase accuracy to diagnose specific nutritional problems. The data base of this program has been made on the basis of current nutritional information and it can be easily updated when necessary.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

A computer program for the statistical analysis of cancer inhibition/promotion experiments.

The computer program discussed and presented in this paper is designed for the statistical analysis of data from cancer inhibition/promotion experiments that involve Type I censoring. The theoretical derivation of the method is described in Biometrics 43 (1987) 525-534 and Appl. Math. Lett. 1 (1988) 197-201. Turbo Pascal is used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest: the mean number of induced tumors per animal, and the mean time to tumor detection. The program conducts a likelihood ratio test to determine if there is an overall experiment effect, and allows the user to select options to isolate the pair(s) of groups contributing to the experiments effect, to isolate group differences in terms of tumor number and growth rate, and to graph 95% confidence regions for the vector parameter of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A computer program to calculate the size of tympanic membrane perforations.

Chronic suppurative otitis media is characterized by the presence of a persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane. Accurate estimation of the perforation size is helpful in clinical management and research. In this study, a computer program was developed to calculate the percentage of a perforation relative to the whole tympanic membrane including the pars tensa and pars flaccida. In order to demonstrate the variability of estimations of perforation size by different surgeons, we calculated the percentage of perforation for four tympanic membranes, and compared the results with those estimated by five experienced otologists and 10 senior residents. The results show that the estimations from both otologists and residents departed from the values calculated by the computer program quite substantially. Beside, the variance of the estimation is large. However, the variances of computer calculation are quite small, which means that the results obtain from different users are quite consistent. Therefore, we concluded that this program is necessary and useful to evaluate the size of the perforation as the differences in visual estimations can be very big and the variances can be large for different individuals, even by experienced otologists.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1984

KLONER; a computer program to simulate recombinant DNA strategies by restriction map manipulation.

A computer program is described which allows for the manipulation of restriction maps of various DNA fragments to demonstrate techniques used in DNA cloning and to predict and/or confirm experimental results. This program is capable of reading in restriction enzyme cleavage sites for several different DNA molecules of interest. This information is then compiled in order to form restriction maps which can then be processed by digestion with restriction endonucleases and treatment with other common DNA modifying enzymes. Ligation can then be simulated by joining fragments with complementary ends in all possible orientations, producing restriction maps of the products. The resulting recombinants can then be further analyzed by physical mapping with appropriate restriction endonucleases. This program was written in Pascal on an Apple II computer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Development of a computer program to assess nutritional status of infants and preschool children].

A computer program named INFANDIET has been designed with a Window's application (ToolBook software vs. 1.53), based upon object-oriented programming, and devised to assess the nutritional status of infants by using compatible computers PC. Additionally, it is a useful tool to elaborate personalized diets. This program has been developed to assist health professionals and students in the evaluation of the infant nutritional status by a) creating and managing clinical histories with anthropometrical, immunological and clinical data; b) showing infant dietary guidelines, with the ability to update the nutritional and food composition database of the program; c) giving information about infant nutrition; d) and presenting a complete list of references.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Computer program for performing whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments.

This computer program was designed to be used instead of a stimulator and an oscilloscope in whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments. It runs on IBM XT-AT compatible computers under MS-DOS. The program uses drivers for specific ADC-DAC boards, which are stored in separate files. The driver to be used is loaded on start-up. Drivers for Labmaster TL-1 and CSY-10 are available and the driver for CED 1401 is now being developed. Stimulus waveforms of up to five consecutive pulses are supported. Data may be acquired from up to four input channels, using two ADC sampling rates. The acquired data are visualised on six plots which can be resized and moved independently on the screen in order to obtain a readable picture. A special mode for monitoring the giga-seal formation is supported. There are several data processing procedures, which can be used without interrupting the experiment, including I-V relationships, cursor measurements, addition and subtraction of obtained currents.

Microcomputers↗
PubMed1988

Sympmed I: computer program for primary health care.

Sympmed I is an experimental computer program that identifies and offers treatment to outpatients whose symptoms can be effectively and safely treated. To verify the safety of using such a package an evaluation of Sympmed I was carried out. The patients' symptoms were entered into the computer by a junior doctor and then by a non-medical person, an engineer. The prescriptions offered by the program were compared with those given by a general practitioner after examining the patient. It was found that 390 of 500 (78%) patients in the first group and 276 of 400 (69%) patients in the second group were offered prescriptions comparable to the ones given by the general practitioner, and the rest were advised to see a doctor. In no case was a patient offered treatment when he or she needed to see a doctor. The results of the evaluation confirm that most problems seen by first level medical personnel in developing countries are simple, repetitive, and treatable at home or by a paramedical worker with a few safe, essential drugs, thus avoiding unnecessary visits to a doctor.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2003

Role of computer analysis in gastric cancer surgery: evaluation of the WinEstimate v. 2.5 computer program.

To identify the group of patients with gastric cancer who can benefit from extensive lymphadenectomy and to offer a rational approach to lymph node dissection, it is important to know the incidence of metastases at each lymph node station. A computer program was developed for assessment of lymph node involvement and survival time in each individual case according to preoperative variables. In patients who have undergone R0 resection with D2 lymphadenectomy, differences between the individual results generated by the computer and the actual data were compared. A cutoff point of 10% in the prediction of metastases was used as a positive result. The computer program made false predictions in 9% of patients for the pN status (3% lower and 6% higher than the actual status). Computerized prediction of 5-year survival was close to the rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method (55.5% vs 56.1%). Preoperative computer analysis of patient data and tumor characteristics offers a rational approach to individualizing tumor therapy] where the extent of lymph node dissection is tailored to the type, site, and stage of the tumor, thereby minimizing the disadvantages (morbidity, mortality) associated with the extensive operative procedure.

Female↗