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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A computer program for the analysis of controllability, observability and structural identifiability of biological compartmental systems.

A computer program to check structural identifiability of biological compartmental systems, that is the priori possibility of estamating all unknown system parameters through a multi input-multi output tracer experiment is presented. The procedure, as based only on the adopted compartmental structure and the chosen input-output experiment, is independent of the numerical values of the parameters: therefore the program can be usefully employed before parameter estimation algorithms, to assure that all the unknown parameters evidenced in the model can be estimated from the experimental data. After a short review on compartmental models, controllability observability and structural identifiability are defined and techniques to check them are provided. The digital computer implementation of the whole procedure is discussed in detail. Some typical program runs regarding the application to biological systems are given.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

ORDMKV: a computer program fitting proportional odds model for multi-state Markov process.

ORDMKV is a computer program designed to fit a multi-state discrete-time Markov model for k-stages disease processes having an ordinal structure. The model consists of k transient states representing the increasing severity of the disease process, and the final state can be optionally chosen to be an absorbing state in cases such as death. The ordinal structure of the stages of the disease is modelled by using ordinal response models. Each row of the one-step transition probability matrix is modelled using a proportional odds model based on the cumulative transition probabilities. By using these ordinal response models, the number of parameters used to model the disease process can be reduced significantly not only with respect to a general discrete-time model, but also compared with a parsimonuos continuous-time model. A restricted model can be fitted by assuming that the effect of the covariables in the cumulative probability has common regression coefficients in all stages of the disease process. This assumption, if it holds, reduces the number of regression coefficients associated with each covariate to only one. The regression coefficients of this model are estimated via the method of maximum likelihood, using a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm. When the last state is considered as an absorbing state, it is possible to compute survival curves from the transient states of the process. The program was written in standard FORTRAN 77 and is illustrated using a four-state model to determine factors influencing diabetic retinopathy in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1991

A computer program for many-beam image simulation of amplitude-contrast images.

A computer program for the simulation of amplitude-contrast electron micrographs is described. The program is based on the n-beam dynamical theory of diffraction contrast as described by Howie and Whelan (see Howie, A., and Whelan, M.J. (1961) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol]). The displacement fields associated with crystal lattice defects are calculated using linear anisotropic elasticity. The program can be used to simulate images of crystals containing line or planar defects or combinations of these defects. The line defects can be oriented freely within the foil, and are not restricted to being mutually parallel, but must be straight. Different techniques available for solving the diffraction problem, with or without the column approximation, are discussed.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1982

OPT: a package of computer programs for parameter optimisation in clinical pharmacokinetics.

1 OPT is a series of computer programs designed to assist dose optimisation for individual patients. It is based on Bayesian Statistical Theory and Maximum Likelihood Estimation. 2 OPT uses prior information on the distribution of population pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma drug concentration measurements to obtain the "most likely' set of parameters for the individual. 3 Complex dosage regimes and non-steady state conditions can be handled. 4 OPT is designed for use in a Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory where informed interpretation of results is essential. 5 The drugs for which the system is currently available include theophylline, digoxin, lignocaine, disopyramide, gentamicin and phenytoin (steady state data only).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Computer program for evaluating the thermal environment.

The calculations required to evaluate the thermal environment can be tedious and time consuming. To reduce this effort to a minimum, a computer program is presented that requires only five basic measurements to calculate and print out a complete evaluation of the thermal environment at a specific location. These are the dry bulb, natural wet bulb, psychrometric wet bulb and black globe temperatures, and the air velocity. Any reference to charts, tables and nomographs is unnecessary, since all other quantities are contained within, or computed by, the program.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

[A computer program that draws pedigree charts for inbred strains of animals].

We produced a computer program that draws pedigree charts for inbred strains of animals such as mice or rats. This program is composed of four subprograms, which are (1) inputting the data, (2) drawing pedigree charts, (3) listing the data which have been input, and (4) backup of the system and the data. Pedigree charts and lists of data can be displayed on a TV screen and printed out on the papers. Using this program, we drew the pedigree charts of the inbred strains of rats which we are maintaining by brother-sister inbreeding in our institute and found that there were three sublines in one of the strains, WKAH/Hkm, because of unsuitable maintenance. This program is very convenient to draw the pedigree charts and useful for checking the maintenance of inbred strains or the strains of animal models of human diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A Macintosh computer program for designing DNA sequences that code for specific peptides and proteins.

A computer program (PINCERS) is described for use in the design of synthetic genes and mixed-probe DNA sequences. A protein sequence is reverse translated with generation of synonymous codons at each position producing a degenerate sequence. In order to locate potential restriction enzyme sites, the degenerate sequence is searched with a library of restriction enzymes for sites that utilize any combination of synonymous codons. These sites are indicated in a map so that they may be incorporated into the synthetic gene sequence. The program allows the user to select the appropriate codon usage table for the organism of interest and then to set a threshold usage frequency below which codons are not generated. PINCERS may also be used to assist in planning the synthesis of mixed-probe DNA sequences for cross-hybridization experiments. It can identify regions of specified length with the protein sequence that have the least overall degeneracy, thereby minimizing the number of probes to be synthesized and, therefore, maximizing the concentration of a given probe sequence.

DNA↗
PubMed1986

Accuracy of computerized electrocardiographic identification of left ventricular hypertrophy as determined by echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular mass: evaluation of a widely used computer program.

The Hewlett-Packard 1000 electrocardiographic management system employs a user-interactive computer with revisable software. The diagnostic accuracy of this system in predicting left ventricular hypertrophy has been evaluated by comparing computer-predicted with anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy. The latter was defined as a left ventricular mass greater than 247 g as determined by M-mode echocardiography within 1 week of the computerized electrocardiogram. In this study, the Hewlett-Packard system was evaluated in 134 consecutive patients having anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy and 157 similarly studied patients with a normal left ventricular mass. By means of various combinations of voltage criteria, ST-T wave changes, abnormal QRS duration or ventricular activation time, left atrial enlargement and left axis deviation, the computer correctly identified 43 of 134 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (sensitivity 32%); left ventricular hypertrophy was suggested or identified in an additional 18 patients with a normal left ventricular mass (specificity 89%). Graded probability statements (that is, the "strength" of the left ventricular hypertrophy diagnosis) increased with ventricular mass not only in patients with anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy but also in the patients with a "false positive" computerized electrocardiogram. Overall diagnostic accuracy was improved only in men by adjusting the definition of left ventricular hypertrophy for sex (at least 300 g for men and 220 g for women). Diagnostic accuracy was significantly better in patients 65 years of age and younger than in older patients (p = 0.007). It is concluded that the overall performance of this computer program (version ECLSB6) requires modification to improve its accuracy in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

A computer program for comparing survival experience of two groups after adjustment for relevant covariates.

A computer program is described which evaluates the difference in survival between two groups of patients based on the methods of Mantel [1] and Hankey and Myers [3]. Life table analysis is based on the stratification of prognostic variables. In addition, an adjusted survival curve is computed for one group of patients relative to the other group based on differences in the distribution of these variables. Plots of cumulative survival curves are optionally provided.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer program for on-line measurement, storage, analysis and retrieval of urodynamic data.

A computer program is presented which allows for direct connection of a minicomputer to a urodynamic set-up. The program stores measured pressure and flow data in a random access disc file with minimal intervention of the urodynamicist, and enables the direct application of a number of methods of analysis to the data. The program is modular, and other analysis methods are easily added. Results of analyses are stored in the same disc file, and both results and measured data can be quickly and easily retrieved. The program is written in FORTRAN; hardware-dependent functions (analog input, graphics display, and random access disc storage) are implemented in subroutines (partly assembler) which can easily be replaced.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

A pocket computer program for common calculations in clinical pediatrics.

This paper describes the use of a short computer program designed for use in a pediatric hospital ward. The program performs metric conversions, obviates the need for nomograms for body surface area and base excess determinations, and rapidly and accurately computes parenteral fluid mixtures, medication dosages, creatinine clearance, erythrocyte sedimentation rate corrections, and serum osmolality.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

[Design and application of a computer program for comprehensive segregation analysis].

Based on the major locus genetic model, we designed a computer program used BASIC language for comprehensive segregation analysis in IBM microcomputer. The applicability of the program has been tested by analyzing 113 nuclear families with ichthyosis vulgaris selected by family method and family-history method, 98 nuclear families with ichthyosis vulgaris selected by family method as will as 101 nuclear families with sensorineural deafness of unknown causes. The program is useful for genetic analysis and genetic counselling.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1975

A computer program for the analysis of parallel-line bioassays of clotting factors.

An interactive computer program for the analysis of clotting factor assays is described. The program provides potency estimates against a standard, and will compare the observed and expected responses of a treated patient. Tests for validity of curve fitting are provided, with a number of optional transforms. If asked, the program will provide the user with a list of valid commands at any given step, and will identify certain errors in input.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer programs for calibrating control electrode voltages and for conditioning working electrodes for a neurochemical voltammetry system.

Two computer programs are described which are used to set voltages, calibrate the system, and cyclically condition electrodes electrically in an electrochemical system. This voltammetry system is normally used for measurement of monoamines in neurochemical studies. The system uses an Apple II, a potentiostat, and a DAS-5 interface between the two. The calibration program is used to establish the numerical values needed by the DAS-5 interface from the computer to yield desired potentiostat voltages, to calibrate the potentiostat, and to set output voltages of the system to be safe for the electrode and neural tissue before the potentiostat is turned on. Another program is used to condition electrodes as required in some cases to establish discriminably different oxidation potentials for different electroactive compounds (monoamines and ascorbate).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A computer program for life table regression analysis with time dependent covariates.

This paper presents a computer program for analyzing time-dependent covariables in survival studies by the life table regression model described by Holford [3]. Basically, life table regression incorporates the elements of regression and the life table into a single model. Regression parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood using the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. The program provides two methods for testing hypotheses concerning regression coefficients, namely the standard normal deviate test and a Wald statistic based on the first and second derivatives of the log likelihood. Residual plots are provided to assess the fit of the model to the data.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

A computer program for interpreting immunophenotypic data as an aid to the diagnosis of leukemia.

A computer program has been developed for interpreting the immunophenotypic data obtained in cases of leukemia. It has been designed as a logic program, and its reasoning is based entirely on that used by one experienced immunologist. For each case the program gives a conclusion (qualified if necessary), a summary of the underlying reasoning, and suggestions for any further investigations that may be of benefit. Its performance has been considered acceptable for every one of 400 past cases, and these include various uncommon and atypical conditions.

Adult↗