SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “blood group genomics”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

1,577 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

BMT4me En Español: Multisite Feasibility and Usability Testing of a Spanish-Language mHealth Adherence Support App for Spanish-Speaking Caregivers of Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Medication nonadherence during the first 100 days after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and during oncology treatment increases risk for complications. BMT4me is a caregiver-facing mobile health (mHealth) application providing medication reminders, symptom tracking, and note-taking features to support medication management. Spanish-speaking caregivers are frequently excluded from digital adherence interventions due to the lack of language-accessible tools. PROCEDURE: We conducted a multisite, mixed-methods usability testing of a Spanish-language version of BMT4me ("BMT4me en Español") with Spanish-speaking caregivers of children (ages 2-17 years) post-HSCT or with an oncology diagnosis on active treatment. Caregivers completed a facilitated, three-step usability session (unobtrusive observation, interactive observation, and debriefing), followed by a semi-structured interview, and then completed the system usability scale (SUS). Quantitative outcomes were summarized descriptively; qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis with constant comparison. RESULTS: Fifteen participants enrolled at each site for a total of 30 participants. Across both sites, the recruitment rate was 91%. All participants completed all parts of the study. The SUS score (M = 80.09; SD = 17.35) was above average (>68). Two key qualitative themes emerged: (1) the perceived positive impact of BMT4me on managing a serious illness and (2) the acceptance and sociocultural relevance of BMT4me for Spanish-speaking families. Caregivers also shared suggestions to add educational content and multiuser functionalities to BMT4me. CONCLUSIONS: The acceptance and perceived positive impact of the Spanish BMT4me app indicates that socioculturally relevant, Spanish mHealth interventions have strong potential to support Spanish-speaking caregivers in pediatric oncology and HSCT settings. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT: NCT06361173.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Association of galectin-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition showing persistent profiling of inflammation and damage of organs and immune system. Amongst many biomarkers for such autoimmune diseases, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) a β-galactoside-binding lectin responsible for regulation, inflammation, and fibrosis of immune repsonses, has engrossed researchers for further investigations as a potential biomarker. However, correlation has been studied between circulating Galectin-3 levels and SLE but outcomes still remain inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between circulating galectin-3 levels and SLE.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Embase databases are extensively used for literature search. The last database search was conducted on September 6, 2025. Eligible studies included case control studies reporting circulating galectin-3 levels in individuals with SLE and healthy controls. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for statistical analysis. Pooled effect sizes were calculated as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression analysis.ResultsSeven eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that patients with SLE had significantly higher circulating Galectin-3 levels than healthy controls (mean difference = 8.48; 95% CI: 3.84-13.12; p < 0.0001). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies (Tau square: 32.57, Q = 196.03; p < 0.0001, I2 = 96.93%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the overall findings. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression analysis indicated no publication bias among studies. Subgroup analysis supports the results of the overall analysis.ConclusionThis meta-analysis depicts that galectin-3 may serve as a biomarker associated with SLE pathogenesis and inflammatory activity due to significantly elevated levels of circulating galectin-3 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Evaluation of the intraoperative analgesic effects of perioperative electroacupuncture: a randomised, blinded clinical trial in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of perioperative electroacupuncture (EA) on intraoperative analgesic requirements in dogs undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, blinded, controlled clinical study. ANIMALS: A group of 29 client-owned dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent TTA surgery. METHODS: Dogs were treated with EA at predefined acupuncture points (LI-4, ST-36, LIV-3, SP-6 and GB-34) perioperatively as additional analgesia (group EA, n = 14) or were allocated to the control group (group C, n = 15). All dogs were anaesthetised with a standardised protocol including methadone, dexmedetomidine, propofol and ketamine. The intraoperative delivery of sevoflurane and fentanyl was guided in response to signs of nociception by a purpose-designed flowchart, by the same anaesthetist who was blinded to treatment group. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied for the fentanyl consumption analysis. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and end-tidal sevoflurane were descriptively analysed between groups for specific time points. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The EA group needed significantly less fentanyl with 0.7 (0-2.7) μg kg-1 hour-1 administered versus 2.0 (1.2-5.5) μg kg-1 hour-1 in group C (p = 0.031). Fifty percent of the EA group was not administered a fentanyl bolus, whereas all dogs in group C required at least one bolus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Perioperative EA reduced mean fentanyl consumption by more than 60% in dogs undergoing TTA surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Umbilical Cord-Derived Cell-Based Interventions for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Related Complications in Preterm Infants: A Bayesian Sparse-Data Meta-Analysis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of prematurity with limited disease-modifying therapies. We evaluated umbilical cord-derived cell-based interventions for BPD and related complications in preterm infants. This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020-based systematic review and meta-analysis were registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched from inception to June 14, 2026. Comparative clinical studies of umbilical cord-derived cell-based interventions in preterm infants at risk of or diagnosed with BPD were included. Outcomes included BPD, BPD severity, death, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and adverse events (AEs). Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis used a binomial-normal hierarchical model to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% credible intervals (CrIs), prediction intervals, and heterogeneity. Twelve studies were included. Umbilical cord-derived cell-based interventions showed a possible protective effect on overall BPD (OR, 0.48; 95% CrI, 0.14-1.20). Stronger associations were observed for severe BPD (OR, 0.17; 95% CrI, 0.01-0.85), moderate or severe BPD (OR, 0.28; 95% CrI, 0.09-0.70), and ROP stage ≥3 (OR, 0.17; 95% CrI, 0.02-0.65). No conclusive benefit or harm was observed for death, PPHN, PDA, IVH, NEC, or LOS. No treatment-related serious AEs were identified. However, prediction intervals were generally wide, and the certainty of evidence was low to very low for most outcomes. Umbilical cord-derived cell-based interventions may reduce the risk of moderate or severe BPD in preterm infants, with an additional potential benefit for ROP stage ≥3. Current evidence remains limited, and larger randomized trials with standardized outcomes and long-term follow-up are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Insulin, Semaglutide and Dapagliflozin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Design and Methods of Triple Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (TTT1)-An International Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

AIMS: Attaining target glycaemia can be a challenge in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) due to insulin-induced weight gain. Adjunct therapy with modern glucose-lowering agents developed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) has great potential but may be insufficiently efficacious and carries risks of hypoglycaemia and ketosis. We designed the first Phase 3 clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of adding a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and a Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter (SGLT2) Inhibitor to insulin therapy in overweight and obese adults with T1D and glycaemia above target (HbA1c 7.5%-11.0% inclusive) (NCT03899402). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Period 1, participants are randomized 2:1 (open label) for 26 weeks to semaglutide and insulin (uptitrated to 1.0 mg weekly) or standard insulin therapy. In Period 2, those randomized to semaglutide and insulin in Period 1 are further randomized (double-blind) for 26 weeks to dapagliflozin (10 mg daily) or placebo, in addition to semaglutide. The primary objective is to compare change in HbA1c on 'triple therapy' (dapagliflozin, semaglutide and insulin) with 'dual therapy' (placebo, semaglutide and insulin). Secondary objectives include comparisons of triple therapy with standard insulin therapy and dual therapy (semaglutide and insulin) with standard insulin therapy. Safety outcomes include hypoglycaemia and ketosis. A sample size recalculation during the trial based on analysis of masked data revised the original recruitment target from 114 to 82 participants. CONCLUSION: The TTT1 trial will provide clinically useful information on combination adjunct therapy in the treatment of T1D.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

[Pathogenicity analysis and prenatal genetic counseling for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of FGF13 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenicity and prenatal counseling strategies for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G (NM_001139500.2) variant of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene. METHODS: Five Chinese pedigrees found to carry a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025 were selected as study subjects. The pedigrees had undergone prenatal diagnosis for a family history of genetic disorders, abnormal fetal ultrasound findings, or advanced maternal age. A retrospective analysis was carried out, wherein clinical data for all members of the pedigrees were obtained through the medical records system and outpatient visit system. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all pedigree members, and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from the probands. Following extraction of genomic DNA, prenatal diagnosis was performed using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). Sanger sequencing was used to determine the carrier status for the candidate variant, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function of hemizygous individuals carrying the FGF13 gene c.-32C>G variant. Pathogenicity of candidate variant was assessed based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2021-171). RESULTS: CMA and trio-WES revealed no pathogenic variants in all probands, whilst trio-WES and Sanger sequencing had identified 11 male individuals carrying a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene from the five pedigrees, which included six adult males, a young boy, and four fetuses. One fetus had undergone termination of pregnancy due to hydrocephalus, one was born pre-term at 34+1 weeks of gestation owing to maternal hypertension, and other two were delivered at full term. Follow-up of the survived males revealed no phenotypic manifestations related to language or intellectual impairment. Among these, three adult males underwent the MMSE assessment, all of whom showed normal cognitive function. Search of the gnomAD database suggested the carrier frequency of FGF13 c.-32C>G variant in the East Asian population to be 0.125%, with 11 hemizygous males documented. Three male patients harboring the variant showed severe intellectual disability. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that it could reduce the translation levels of FGF13 protein. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as variant of uncertain significance (BS4+PS3_Supporting). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to classify the FGF13 c.-32C>G as a pathogenic variant in clinical practice, and its presence should not be considered an indication for pregnancy termination due to major birth defects.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Wearable Sleep Monitoring in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Associations With Subjective Sleep Ratings and Neurocognitive Functioning.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are associated with increased fatigue, reduced quality of life, and neurocognitive dysfunction and have emerged as a common complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Sleep disturbances are particularly concerning given their potential to exacerbate existing neurocognitive impacts of cancer treatments. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a home-wearable EEG-based sleep device (Sleep ProfilerTM) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors as well as associations between specific sleep parameters and neurocognitive functioning. PROCEDURE: Children (ages 8-12; M = 10 years, SD = 1.6; N = 23) >6 months post-treatment for ALL were enrolled at clinical visits and wore the Sleep ProfilerTM for two consecutive nights at home, followed by neurocognitive testing of attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and processing speed. Parents completed subjective measures of child sleep, anxiety, depression, and acceptability. Feasibility reflected the percentage of children wearing the device at least one night and the percentage of nights with good EEG quality data. RESULTS: All participants wore the device both nights, with 84% meeting the threshold for good quality measurement. Few children met recommended quantity and quality sleep thresholds based on objective measurement, including 5 patients with elevated snoring levels; 43.5% of subjective ratings fell above the threshold for sleep disturbance. Greater sleep latency was associated with worse inhibitory control (r = -0.42, p = 0.046), and total sleep time was positively associated with inhibitory control and attention. CONCLUSIONS: Findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of home EEG sleep monitoring in school-age survivors, and associations of sleep latency and snoring with reduced neurocognitive functioning may offer modifiable risk factors for aspects of neuropsychological dysfunction common in pediatric survivorship. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: At the time this study was conducted, we were not required to register the study on ClinicalTrials.gov. It was a single-institution feasibility study without intervention, which was not considered a clinical trial.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genotype II Live-Attenuated ASFV Vaccine Bearing 24 Genes Deletion in 3 Independent Regions Is Able to Provide Complete Protection Against Homologous Lethal Challenge.

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious infectious disease of swine with the etiological agent of African swine fever virus (ASFV). The mortality rate of virulent strains is as high as 100%. Strengthening biosafety is so far the most effective way to prevent and control ASF. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a safe and effective vaccine. In this study, a Genotype II live-attenuated ASF vaccine bearing 24 genes deletion in 3 independent regions was constructed based on the highly virulent Eurasian strain ASFV CN/GS 2018 backbone. The resulting mutant ASFV-Δ24 is characterized by complete deletion of 24 genes distributed in 3 genomic positions of 852 to 11 468, 19 732 to 22 929, and 179 519 to 180 617, among which MGF100 and whole MGF300 families are pioneeringly removed. The ASFV-Δ24 displayed a delayed and reduced replication kinetics as well as aberrant icosahedral empty particles devoid of a nucleoid when compared to the parental virus. Animal experiments showed that ASFV-Δ24 was completely attenuated in animals as evidenced by stable body temperature and no ASF-compatible clinical signs in vaccinated pigs. The ASFV-Δ24 could provide complete homologous protection against lethal challenge, as vaccinated pigs demonstrated boosted antibody response, transient but low levels of viremia in blood and virus titers in organs as well as almost undetectable viral shedding. Gene deletions in multiple regions are helpful for prevention of virulence reversion. These results indicate that ASFV-Δ24 can be used as an effective and promising candidate vaccine to control the spread of ASFV.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of HSD3B and SDR42E1 genes in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): potential associations with gonadal development.

Sex steroids are lipid-soluble signaling molecules that regulate sex differentiation, reproductive development and physiological homeostasis in animals. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is a key steroidogenic enzyme, whereas SDR42E1, an extended short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, has been implicated in sterol- and steroid-related metabolism. However, the composition, evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the HSD3B- and SDR42E1-related genes in bivalve gonadal development remain poorly characterized. In this study, five PF01073-containing genes, comprising three CgHsd3b and two CgSdr42e1 genes, were identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Phylogenetic analysis separated the proteins into HSD3B-related and SDR42E1-related groups, and gene-structure and motif analyses indicated subfamily-level divergence. All five proteins retained the SDR domain but differed in exon-intron structure and motif composition. Each contained the extended-SDR TGxxGxxG motif, whereas exact classical [ST]GxxxGxG and NNAG motifs were absent. Tyr- and Lys-equivalent residues were conserved, while the HSD3B1 Ser-equivalent position contained Thr in two C. gigas proteins and Ser in one. These features support their classification as extended-SDR proteins but do not establish enzymatic activity or substrate specificity. The three CgHsd3b genes were dispersed on one chromosome, whereas CgSdr42e1-1 and CgSdr42e1-2 were adjacent on another chromosome, suggesting a possible local duplication event for the CgSdr42e1 pair. Public RNA-seq data showed distinct tissue- and gonadal-stage expression patterns, with several genes displaying gonad-biased or female-stage-associated expression. Independent RT-qPCR profiling of the representative genes CgHsd3b-3 and CgSdr42e1-1 detected stage-dependent expression, although tissue rankings differed from those in the public RNA-seq datasets. These differences may reflect the use of independent biological samples, tissue composition, normalization procedures, and platform-specific measurements. Because enzymatic assays, metabolite measurements, cellular localization, and functional perturbation were not performed, the results identify candidate genes whose expression is associated with gonadal development rather than demonstrating regulatory roles. This study provides a comparative framework for future functional investigation of sterol- and steroid-related metabolism in bivalves.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Hospitalized for Vaso-Occlusive Pain Episodes.

BACKGROUND: Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is an inflammatory mediator linked to acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease (SCD), a serious complication that can develop during an acute vaso-occlusive pain episode (VOE). Plasma sPLA2 levels have been proposed as a potential biomarker for predicting ACS onset. OBJECTIVE: To assess serial plasma sPLA2 levels in 105 pediatric patients hospitalized for SCD-VOE and determine the effects of arginine therapy compared to placebo. PROCEDURES: This is a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and randomized controlled trial of intravenous arginine therapy. Statistical methods included t-tests, chi-square, and correlation analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 12.7 ± 3.7 years, 48% were male, 67% had Hb-SS, and 70% were prescribed hydroxyurea. Using a previously established SCD-specific cutoff of 48 ng/mL, presenting sPLA2 levels were elevated in 33% of patients (mean sPLA2 level 85.7 ± 32.9 ng/mL). SPLA2 elevation in the emergency department was more common in patients with ACS compared to those without ACS (64% vs. 30%; p = 0.02; negative predictive value of 94%). Peak sPLA2 levels were significantly higher in febrile (n = 34) versus afebrile patients (n = 71;101.0 ± 45.3 vs. 48.7 ± 35.4 ng/mL; p < 0.0001). Among subjects with elevated baseline sPLA2, arginine therapy resulted in a significant reduction in sPLA2 levels by discharge compared to placebo (-27.8 ± 38.1 ng/mL; p = 0.002; n = 23 vs. -15.0 ± 41.2 ng/mL; p = 0.23; n = 12). CONCLUSIONS: SPLA2 is an underutilized biomarker of ACS given accumulating evidence of its role. In particular, low levels may identify patients at low risk for ACS. Arginine therapy may modulate inflammation in patients with SCD during VOE and/or ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02447874; NCT02536170.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.

Atypical peripheral blood cytokine concentrations have been shown in autism, but no clear pattern has been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarised current state of findings, expanded the range of cytokines, accounted for study risk of bias, and examined relations between cytokines and autism traits. Literature comparing peripheral blood cytokine in autistic and non-autistic people was systematically searched in Ovid® Embase, MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO, Web of Science™ and Scopus, resulting in 98 studies and 54 cytokines (4236 autistic, 3333 non-autistic controls; age 2 to 65 years) in the meta-analysis. Study risk of bias was assessed using adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Compared to controls, autistic people had elevated levels of IL1-beta (Hedges' g = 0.620, 95%CI[0.32, 0.92]), IL4 (g = 0.245, 95%CI [0.07, 0.42]), IL6 (g = 0.365, 95%CI [0.011, 0.62]), IL8 (g = 0.384, 95%CI [0.15, 0.62]), IFN-gamma (g = 0.404, 95%CI [0.09, 0.72]), TNF-alpha (g = 0.31, 95%CI [0.11, 0.51]), CXCL1/GRO-α (g = 0.364, 95%CI [0.058, 0.670]) and MIF (g = 0.560, 95%CI [0.14, 0.98]). Over a third of studies were classified as having a high risk of bias; their removal revealed higher IL7 and IL1RA in autism relative to controls. Narrative synthesis produced no strong evidence for an association between cytokine and autism traits among autistic individuals. Altogether, our findings support a predominance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while also indicating potential modulatory contributions from inhibitory cytokines, which reflect group-level differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals, but not variations of autism traits within the autistic population. However, higher-quality studies with low risk of bias are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of Bimagrumab in Adults With Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

AIMS: This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of bimagrumab on body composition and glucose parameters in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction and its safety profile. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on April 20, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing bimagrumab treatment in adults with obesity, insulin resistance, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2), and meta-analyses of efficacy and safety data were conducted using R software. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the strength of evidence. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261377110). RESULTS: Of the 134 retrieved records, 4 RCTs (enrolling 268 participants) were included. The included population represented a broad spectrum of metabolic dysfunction, from obesity and nondiabetic insulin resistance to established T2DM. Compared with placebo, bimagrumab treatment significantly reduced total weight (mean difference [MD] -4.85 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.82 to -2.88), fat mass (-4.72 kg [-8.05 to -1.40]), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.13% [-0.23 to -0.03]) and significantly increased total lean mass (1.66 kg [0.81 to 2.51]). However, bimagrumab led to an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations of 0.47 mmol/L [0.03 to 0.91] and significantly increased incidences of discontinuation (risk ratio [RR] 5.75 [1.61 to 20.46]), muscle spasms (RR 10.44 [4.23 to 25.75]), and diarrhoea (RR 4.91 [2.38 to 10.11]). CONCLUSION: Bimagrumab effectively reversed adverse effects on body composition in obese individuals, resulting in significant fat reduction, increased skeletal muscle mass, and improved glycemic control, suggesting that bimagrumab is a promising new target for personalized metabolic therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A New Highly Concentrated Insulin Aspart AT278 (500 U/mL) Demonstrates Ultra-Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties in Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of BMI.

AIMS: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of a novel U500 insulin aspart formulation (AT278 [500 U/mL]; AT278-U500) compared with standard concentration insulin aspart (InsAsp [100 U/mL]; InsAsp-U100) and U500 human regular insulin (HumIns [500 IU/mL]; HumIns-U500). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-centre, randomised, double-blind crossover 12-h euglycaemic clamp study was conducted in 41 overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes (BMI 25.0-38.7 kg/m2) receiving a single subcutaneous dose (0.5 U/kg) of AT278-U500 and InsAsp-U100. HumIns-U500 was consecutively studied open label in a 24-h clamp. RESULTS: AT278-U500 exhibited a significantly faster insulin absorption than InsAsp-U100 and HumIns-U500 (t Early50%Cmax: 9 min vs. 35 min vs. 55 min), leading to a significantly higher glucose-lowering effect within the first hour (AUCGIR,0-60min) compared with both InsAsp-U100 (treatment ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.64; 2.50]) and HumIns-U500 (3.91 [2.89; 5.27]). When divided by median BMI (29.7 kg/m2), AUCGIR,0-60min was significantly higher with AT278-U500 in both the low-BMI and high-BMI subgroup compared to InsAsp-U100. Linear regression showed a significant inverse relationship between BMI and AUCGIR,0-60min for InsAsp-U100 (slope -0.142, p < 0.0001), whereas AT278-U500 showed no such relationship. Overall insulin exposure was similar for AT278-U500 and InsAsp-U100, while overall glucose-lowering effect was comparable across all three treatments. CONCLUSIONS: AT278-U500 maintains its ultra-rapid onset characteristics independent of BMI, representing the first ultra-rapid U500 option for prandial dosing in insulin-resistant people with type 2 diabetes requiring high-dose therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05754424.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-term heat exposure reshapes muscle molecular regulation and enhances thermal tolerance in Clarias fuscus.

Rapid fluctuations in water temperature driven by global warming have become a major abiotic stressor affecting muscle function in teleost fish. This study examined the effects of long-term thermal conditions on heat tolerance in Clarias fuscus. Fish were maintained for 90 days at either a normal temperature group (NT, 26 °C) or a high-temperature group (HT, 34 °C). Subsequently, muscle histology, and transcriptomic profiles were observed following acute high-temperature exposure (34 °C) and after temperature recovery (26 °C). Histological analysis showed that fish from the NT under acute high-temperature stress exhibited severe muscle damage (atrophy, myofilament disruption, and myolysis), whereas fish from the HT displayed markedly reduced lesions. RNA-seq profiling revealed 5769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NT and 3292 DEGs in the HT following acute temperature challenges. Functional enrichment indicated that, in the HT, modulation of key cell cycle regulators (e.g., ccna, ccnb, cdk1, cdk2) contributed to alleviating muscle damage caused by temperature fluctuations. In the NT, genes associated with ribosome biogenesis (e.g., nop56, riok2, riok1) were up-regulated and then down-regulated during temperature fluctuation, whereas p53 in the cell cycle pathway showed the opposite expression pattern. These findings demonstrate long-term heat exposure reshapes molecular expression and regulatory mechanisms in the muscle of C. fuscus, thereby enhancing thermal tolerance and adaptability, and providing a theoretical basis for breeding heat-resistant, high-quality aquaculture strains.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the gills and hepatopancreas of freshwater-cultured Litopenaeus vannamei under chronic nitrite stress.

To investigate the differences in molecular responses between the gills and hepatopancreas of freshwater-cultured Litopenaeus vannamei under chronic nitrite stress, a 30-day chronic stress experiment was conducted with a control group and a stress group. Transcriptomic analysis of the gills and hepatopancreas was performed using Illumina sequencing; differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and GO, KEGG, GSEA, PPI, and RT-qPCR validation were carried out. The results showed that 196 DEGs (161 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated) were identified in the gills, and 287 DEGs (199 up-regulated and 88 down-regulated) in the hepatopancreas, with only 18 DEGs shared between the two tissues. DEGs in the gills were enriched in oxidoreductase activity, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism; DEGs in the hepatopancreas were enriched in lipid transporter activity, phagosome, ECM-receptor interaction, and riboflavin metabolism. GSEA revealed significant suppression of the mTOR pathway in the gills and the Polycomb complex pathway in the hepatopancreas. PPI network analysis identified hub genes P5CS and eEF2 in the gills, and PER, TUBB1, SHMT, and TUBB4B in the hepatopancreas. RT-qPCR validation was consistent with the RNA-seq results (R2 = 0.764). This study indicates that, under chronic nitrite stress, the gill response is centered on redox regulation and inhibition of growth metabolism, whereas the hepatopancreas response primarily involves lipid transport, cytoskeletal remodeling, and phagosome activation. The two tissues synergistically adapt through fundamental biosynthetic and motor protein pathways. This research provides molecular evidence for deciphering the nitrite tolerance mechanisms in freshwater-cultured shrimp.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Prognostic effect of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for predicting progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is increasingly appreciated as one of the important factors contributing to disability accumulation in MS. sGFAP and sNfL could represent markers reflecting two separate biological processes related to relapse-independent progression in MS. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the literature on blood GFAP and/or NfL measured in relation to PIRA or other similar relapse-independent progression endpoints in people with MS. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 1 June 2026. The eligible studies were original human studies measuring blood GFAP and/or NfL concentrations in serum, plasma, or any other type of blood-derived material and assessing PIRA, PIRMA, CDP/CDW without relapses, relapse-free EDSS progression, non-inflammatory progression, or comparable relapse-independent disability worsening outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the QUIPS instrument for bias detection in the body of evidence on prognostic factors. Due to heterogeneity of outcomes, biomarker measurements and effect estimates, results were synthesized qualitatively rather than quantitatively. RESULTS: After removing duplicates, 1206 records were screened, followed by full-text review of 120 reports. A total of 18 reports were included. Overall, sGFAP was associated more frequently with PIRA or PIRA-like disability progression, particularly in cohorts with suppressed or limited overt inflammatory activity. Evidence for sNfL was more variable and context-dependent: several studies reported associations with PIRA-like or relapse-independent disability worsening when acute inflammatory activity was absent, suppressed, or analytically separated, whereas other studies reported negative or inconclusive findings. Negative or inconclusive results were reported by several articles, particularly when broad outcomes were evaluated or the study population was small. CONCLUSION: Blood GFAP and NfL give complementary but non-interchangeable information concerning PIRA in MS patients. The existing evidence base does not allow us to perform meta-analysis because of heterogeneity in terms of outcomes, standardization of biomarkers, and treatment context. Further prospective investigations with uniform criteria will be necessary for their use as biomarkers of PIRA in clinical settings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Sea urchin co-culture boosts abalone growth by reducing environmental stress and remodeling gut microbiota.

Biofouling and microenvironmental deterioration are major bottlenecks restricting the intensive aquaculture of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). While co-culturing offers an eco-friendly mitigation strategy, the underlying mechanisms promoting abalone growth remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the growth performance of H. d. hannai co-cultured with varying densities of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). By employing transcriptome and 16S rRNA sequencing of the abalone gut, we investigated the synergistic responses of host gene expression and gut microbiota. Compared with the monoculture group, the co-culture groups showed significantly less biofouling and greater growth of abalone, with the co-culture (n = 15) exhibiting the best outcomes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1444, 760, and 508 DEGs in G5, G10, and G15, respectively, compared with G0. These DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and sterol metabolism, indicating a shift in intestinal energy metabolism from stress defense toward growth under co-culture conditions. Gut microbiota profiling identified Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the dominant phyla, with specific functional taxa (e.g., Psychrilyobacter and Akkermansia) enriched in a density-dependent manner. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that growth traits positively correlated with growth-promoting taxa (e.g., the unclassified AB1 lineage), but negatively correlated with potentially opportunistic taxa (e.g., Tabrizicola). These findings provide insights into a potential synergistic mechanism of "environmental stress alleviation-metabolic reprogramming-microecological remodeling" driving abalone growth, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing co-culture systems and developing growth-associated biomarkers.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

RENOIR phase 3 rituximab-lenalidomide vs rituximab as maintenance treatment in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma.

Maintenance treatment in older patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) remains an area of investigation. RENOIR was a multicenter, phase 3, open-label randomized trial conducted by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) in older patients with R/R FL after 1 or 2 previous therapies. Patients achieving partial response or complete response (CR) after 4 to 6 cycles of standard rituximab (R)-based chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to maintenance with R alone (standard arm) or R plus lenalidomide (R2; experimental arm). The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) from randomization, with an expected hazard ratio (HR) of 0.5. A total of 152 patients (median age, 71 years) were enrolled. After induction, 129 (85%) achieved an overall response (CR, 58%) and were randomized to R (n = 65) or R2 (n = 64). At a median follow-up of 68 months, the 2-year PFS was 73% in the R2 arm and 64% in the R arm. An unplanned hypothesis-generating subgroup analysis showed a greater 2-year PFS benefit with R2 in patients aged <70 years: R2, 96% vs R, 69%. Two-year overall survival rates were similar (R2, 80% vs R, 89%). Grade 3/4 adverse events were more frequent in R2, mainly neutropenia and gastrointestinal disorders. In conclusion, the primary end point of the study was not met, and R2 maintenance did not significantly improve 2-year PFS in older patients with R/R FL, although a numerical benefit was observed. R2 showed a more favorable benefit-risk profile in patients aged <70 years, whereas in older patients careful consideration of individual tolerability is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02390869.

Humans↗