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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The impact of hearing impairment on television viewing in the UK.

Just under one in 10 of a nationally representative sample of UK television viewers said that they experienced difficulty with their hearing. These hard-of-hearing viewers were found to report much greater difficulty watching programmes (mean difficulty rating = 32%) than elderly viewers with no reported hearing difficulty (mean difficulty rating = 10%), or those viewers generally who said they had no hearing problems (mean difficulty rating = 3%). Using a similarly constructed rating for reported enjoyment of different television programmes, hard-of-hearing viewers were found to exhibit a small reduction in enjoyment across the majority of programmes types. While it might have been anticipated that a greater proportion of those with impaired hearing owned a teletext television set giving them access to subtitling, this was not found to be the case. Across the sample as a whole, teletext ownership was shown to be 45%, but was lower than this (38.5%) amongst the hard-of-hearing. The findings corroborate what has been shown in another study, namely that teletext ownership is lower among older viewers. Hearing impairment, if it is not congenital or of early childhood origin, is a condition associated with increasing age. Thus, those whose viewing and appreciation of programmes might be enhanced by subtitles, in the main, do not have access to them. Among hard-of-hearing viewers who did have access to the teletext subtitle service, two thirds of those aged 51 years and over felt that subtitles assisted their understanding of television programmes. As one might expect, of those owning teletext, hard-of-hearing viewers reported greatest use of subtitles. Thirteen per cent of those with hearing difficulty and aged over 51 years said they used subtitles for all programmes watched and a further 26% of the over fifties with hearing difficulty reported regularly using subtitles for selected programmes. These data advocate that there are many hard-of-hearing viewers whose viewing could be enhanced by subtitling. Effort should be made to promote public and professional awareness of the availability of teletext subtitling and additional resources will be needed to combat the technophobia which may hinder older people from initially purchasing a teletext television set, or making effective use of one they already own.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Investigation of Possum users in Scotland.

New users in Scotland of Possum PSU3 environmental control equipment were investigated over a 2-year period. At the conclusion of the study, of 48 disabled people, some 9 months after installation, 29 (60%) were still using the equipment, seven (15%) still had the equipment but were not using it, seven (15%) had had the equipment removed or cancelled at their request, and five (10%) had died. Of the 29 users eight (28%) were having specific operational difficulties. Analysis of a series of factors which could have influenced the outcome of the study did not reveal any one statistically significant factor affecting the success or failure of the use of the equipment for the whole sample. Individual case studies did reveal some problems which should be attended to, and which are relevant to occupational therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The communication, speech and gesture of a group of hearing-impaired children.

The communication skills, speech and gesture of 20 hearing-impaired children were assessed. The children were all being educated in a school using an oral/aural approach. Assessment result comparison indicated the importance of assessing gesture and speech separately for these children and comparing the use of both skills. More informal and formal assessment of gesture and the tools to complete this task effectively are needed to ensure that these children's communication skills are described accurately.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Cognition in the hearing impaired and deaf as a bridge between signal and dialogue: a framework and a model.

This paper focuses on the role of cognition in visual language processing in the deaf and hard of hearing. Although there are modality-specific cognitive findings in the literature on comparisons across speech communication modes and language (sign and speech), there is an impressive bulk of evidence that supports the notion of general modality-free cognitive functions in speech and sign processing. A working-memory framework is proposed for the cognitive involvement in language understanding (sign and speech). On the basis of multiple sources of behavioural and neuroscience data, four important parameters for language understanding are described in some detail: quality and precision of phonology, long-term memory access speed, degree of explicit processing, and general processing and storage capacity. Their interaction forms an important parameter space, and general predictions and applications can be derived for both spoken and signed language conditions. The model is mathematically formulated at a general level, hypothetical ease-of-language-understanding (ELU) functions are presented, and similarities and differences from current working-memory and speech perception formulations are pointed out.

Cognition↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of early manual instruction on the oral language development of two deaf children].

The speech and language training for deaf children at our clinic is performed using a multisensory method, which consists of reception and expression training for sign language and fingerspelling as well as auditory training, lip reading, and written language training (the Kanazawa Method). We have already reported that acquisition of written language is not dependent on oral language, and that written language is easier to learn than oral language for deaf children. In the present investigation, we analyzed the acquisition of comprehensible and expressive vocabulary in sign language and fingerspelling. The subjects were two children congenitally deaf at levels higher than 105dB. Recorded language samples by the age of 48 months were analyzed. Acquisition of sign language was found to be significantly easier than acquisition of oral language. The development of expressive noun words, function words, and Wh-question words in sign language at the early period was almost equivalent to that of hearing peers, and then the sign language appeared transfer to the oral language. These results suggest that early presentation of sign language with written and oral language is effective in the acquisition of communicative attitudes, function words and interrogative sentences which are most difficult for the hearing-impaired. It was shown that early presentation of sign language with written and oral language serves to promote acquisition of oral language.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Auditory neuropathy: case study with hyperbilirubinemia.

Auditory neuropathy (AN) has been described in the literature as presenting with a combination of audiometric findings that include elevated behavioral audiometric thresholds, auditory brainstem response findings that are not consistent with audiometric findings, poor speech recognition, and present otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or cochlear microphonics. Since the availability of clinical OAE testing, AN has come to be identified with increasing frequency; however, incidence and prevalence figures are unavailable. There is a great deal of discussion about the accurate diagnosis of AN, its characteristics, and its treatment. Some of this discussion is occurring on the Internet and over the telephones. The need to continue to provide information in accessible peer-reviewed journals is paramount. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented of a boy who was diagnosed with AN as a newborn. He experienced hyperbilirubinemia and other neonatal health complications. His educational intervention was managed elsewhere until recently. Information is presented about the progression of the case over a 5-year period that includes audiologic data and communication development results.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed2001

[Employment and communication of hearing disabled patients].

Communicative disorders can remain an uncomfortable, costly, and debilitating factor throughout the lives of millions of children and adults. Deafness is a common problem and no age group is spared. Causes of hearing loss are numerous, and may be multifactorial in an individual. Important causes include trauma, including noise and air pressure changes; genetic hearing loss; infection, including rubella; drug damage, metabolic and neoplasia. Prompt detection and management of hearing loss in children is essential to ensure adequate development of language and associated skills. Untreated hearing loss in adults may cause them to withdraw from social activities. The patient with a hearing loss may represent difficult evaluation and management decisions. While individuals with defective hearing have a wide-ranging choice among absolutely attractive occupations, that choice is likely to be narrowed along with growing severity of the handicap. Hazardous, hearing-related, contact, and noisy occupations are not suitable for them. In handling such persons, due consideration should be given not only to the handicap proper but very much also to psychological aspects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[New approaches in speech therapy].

Following a brief introduction of the neurological basis and the localization of aphasias, we discuss approaches to language therapy which are based on linguistic theories. We first sketch principles of language-based therapy. Then we introduce communicative aphasia treatment and explain aspects under which the latter represents an extension of the language-based approach. In order to provide neurological arguments in favour of communicative therapy, we discuss the language theory of Hughlings Jackson. Finally, we give examples for communicative therapy paradigms, for some of which implementation in specific computer training programs is available.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1992

Long-term survival, prognosis, and life-care planning for 29 patients with chronic locked-in syndrome.

We present a life-table analysis of a cohort of 29 locked-in syndrome (LIS) patients followed for a minimum of five years, and we report on the status of the chronic LIS patient. Twenty-nine LIS patients who remained locked-in for more than one year were identified. Inpatient charts were reviewed for demographic, medical, and functional data. Telephone followup was obtained to examine medical complications after discharge, survival, neurologic recovery, care issues, and permanent disposition. A life-table analysis was performed on survival data. Cerebrovascular disease was the most common cause of LIS. Survival ranged from 2.02 to 18.15 years. Twenty of the 26 patients available for five-year followup survived; hence, five-year survival was 81%. An alternative method of communication and emotional stress for the patient's caregiver was the key issue in patient care. Most patients were cared for in their own homes. Although minimal late neurologic recovery occurs in chronic LIS, survival may, nonetheless, be prolonged with adequate supportive care. Modern computerized technology offers LIS patients the ability to interact with their environment. This information may assist physicians in making ethical and long-term care decisions with the patient rather than for the patient with LIS.

Adult↗