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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparative echocardiographic study of junior and senior basketball players.

The echocardiographic data on 14 junior and 15 senior players in a first-division basketball club were compared. No difference was found between the senior and junior players as regards the thickness of the interventricular septum (11.47 vs 11.21 mm) or the thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle (9.8 vs 9.86 mm). The adults displayed a larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (56.8 vs 53.6 mm, P less than 0.05), end-diastolic volume (194 vs 164 ml, P less than 0.05), stroke volume (142 vs 116 ml, P less than 0.05), right ventricular diameter (27.9 vs 23.2, P less than 0.01), aortic root diameter (35.0 vs 32.0, P less than 0.05), and left atrial diameter (42.7 vs 37.2, P less than 0.01). However, among these, only the stroke volume and right ventricular diameter remained significantly different after normalization to body surface area. A significant difference could not be demonstrated in the linear ejection fraction, the ejection fraction, or the fractionated interventricular septum and posterior wall thicknesses. The examinations indicated that left ventricular hypertrophy had fully developed by the age of 18 years in the basketball players and that there was no further enhancement in adults. However, the left ventricular, right ventricular, and left atrial volume were larger in the adults than in the junior players.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Somatotype characteristics of male sprinters, basketball, soccer, and field hockey players.

In an effort to describe the physique associated with regular involvement in sports activity, the somatotypes of a group of 51 elite male athletes comprising sprinters (n = 10), basketball (n = 12), soccer (n = 15), and field hockey (n = 14) players, and 11 male nonathletes were studied. The subjects' physiques were assessed using the Health-Carter anthropometric somatotype method. Analysis of variance and Newman-Keuls post hoc method were used to test for significant differences among the mean somatotype ratings of the groups. The findings indicated that the nonathletes (3.5) were significantly more endomorphic (P less than 0.05) than the soccer players (2.5) and sprinters (2.4). The sprinters (3.6) and basketball players (3.7) had markedly higher ectomorphic ratings (P less than 0.05) as compared with the hockey players (2.0). The mesomorphic component did not differentiate the groups. The differences observed among the groups which could be attributed to genetic and environmental influences reflect the variability in the morphological characteristics of athletes and nonathletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral momentum in college basketball.

Three classes of events were scored from videotapes of 14 college basketball games during the 1989 National Collegiate Athletic Association tournament: reinforcers (such as points and favorable turnovers), adversities (such as missed shots, unfavorable turnovers, and fouls), and responses to adversities (favorable or unfavorable outcomes of the first possession of the ball following an adversity). Within-game and within-team analyses of these data supported three findings. First, a team's favorable response to an adversity generally increased as the rate of reinforcement increased 3 min preceding the adversity. Second, basketball coaches called time-out from play when being outscored by their opponents an average of 2.63 to 1.0. Third, calling time-outs from play appeared to be an effective intervention for reducing an opponent's rate of reinforcement. Rates of reinforcement during the 3 min immediately after a time-out were nearly equal for both teams. Results are discussed within a behavioral momentum framework.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Recalcitrant Infrapatellar Tendinitis and Surgical Outcome in a Collegiate Basketball Player: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: To present the history, surgery, rehabilitation management, and eventual functional and surgical outcomes of a collegiate basketball player with recalcitrant jumper's knee. BACKGROUND: A 21-year-old, male collegiate basketball player had a 2-year history of anterior knee pain. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Injuries that often mimic symptoms of infrapatellar tendinitis include infrapatellar fat pad irritation, Hoffa fat pad disease, patellofemoral joint dysfunction, mucoid degeneration of the infrapatellar tendon, and, in preadolescents and adolescents, Sinding-Larsen-Johannsson disease. TREATMENT: After conservative treatment failed to improve his symptoms, the athlete underwent surgical excision of infrapatellar fibrous scar tissue and repair of the infrapatellar tendon. UNIQUENESS: This patient's case was unique in 3 distinct ways: (1) outcome surveys helped me to understand how this injury affected various aspects of this patient's life and how he viewed himself as he progressed through rehabilitation; (2) a modified functional test was used to help determine whether the athlete was ready to return to sport; and (3) the athlete progressed rapidly through rehabilitation and returned to competitive athletics in 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: This patient was able to return to sport without functional limitations. The surgical outcome was also considered excellent.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Absence of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite college basketball players.

Left ventricular dimensions of 11 successful male college basketball players engaged in pre-season conditioning (mean age, 20.3 years) and 13 tall healthy male controls (mean age, 21.6 years) were studied by echocardiography. Left ventricular internal dimension (LVIDd, mm), posterior wall thickness (PWT, mm), septal thickness (ST, mm), and calculated left ventricular mass (LV mass, g) in the athletes were within or only slightly in excess of echocardiographic normal limits and mean values were not significantly different from the control group. LVIDd (mm/m2 body surface area) was significantly lower in the athletes. However, five guard-type players displayed significantly greater mean values for PWT and LV mass compared to six taller forwards/centers with linear body builds. It was concluded that left ventricular hypertrophy is not a common characteristic of college basketball players. It was hypothesized that cardiac dimensions of young men may vary independently of gross body size in relation to somatotype or other anthropometric variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Basketball: the mechanics of hanging in the air.

A theoretical technique to permit basketball players to "hang in the air" prior to the release of a shot is presented. The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether skilled players used such a technique when delaying the release of their shot and (b) to determine whether such players could be readily taught to "hang in the air" using this technique. Six current members of the Iowa basketball team were filmed, executing jump-shots. During each trial the players "faked" or "pumped" to delay the release of the shot. Qualitative analysis of the film revealed that none of the players demonstrated the coordinated limb movement involved in the theoretical technique. Prior to a second filming session, two former Iowa varsity players practiced a predetermined sequence of body movements. Each player performed eight trials and the results were analyzed quantitatively. The vertical displacements and the vertical velocities of the center of gravity, vertex of the head and mid-point of the hips were plotted against time. Results clearly indicated that the players were able to maintain the same vertical position of the head and hips (and thus, the trunk) for about 0.2 sec at or near the peak of the jump. It was concluded that a skilled player could be taught, in a relatively short period of time, to "hang in the air" using the techniques presented.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory performance and grip strength tests on the basketball players of inter-university competition.

The participants of Basketball in the Inter-University competition were tested for assessing the physical efficiency level with special reference to respiratory and strength performances. The simple anthropometric measurements like height and weight of these subjects were noted to be higher than those of average healthy nonathlete populations of India. The socio-economic status of these subjects was assessed by standard questionnaire method and they were from families having income range between Rs. 85/-165/ per capita per month. The respiratory performances viz. FVC, FEV1, MVV, MEFR, PEFR were all noted to be high in these sportsmen in comparison to those of age-matched healthy Indians. The grip strength test values were similar to those of hockey and soccer players. This study, therefore, indicated more efficiency in basketball players than in the age-matched average non-athlete healthy Indians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effects on traction of outsole composition and hardnesses of basketball shoes and three types of playing surfaces.

The purposes of this investigation were to determine the effects of outsole composition and hardness, playing surfaces and player weight on the dynamic torque, traction forces and static drag developed at the shoe-surface interface. Basketball shoes of polyurethane and elastomer outsoles, each of three different hardnesses, were tested on clean and dusty hardwood floor samples, and on a sample of an artificial gymnasium flooring. The tests were conducted using a laboratory apparatus which included a player leg assembly with simulation of two player weights. Dynamic torque, traction forces from side and rear impacts and static drag were measured at the shoe surface interface. The results indicated that in basketball the magnitude of the resistance forces and torques are influenced by the outsole material and outsole hardness of the shoes, the playing surface and player weights.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1993

Ankle sprain and postural sway in basketball players.

The present study compares postural ankle stability between previously injured basketball players, uninjured players and a control/group. Postural sway was recorded and analysed by stabilometry using a specially designed computer-assisted forceplate. Recordings were obtained for 60 s on each foot. The stabilometric results in the players with no previous injuries did not differ from those in the controls. Players with a previously injured ankle differed significantly from the control group. These players had a larger mean postural sway and used a larger sway area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Oligosaccharide and creatine supplementation on glucose and urea nitrogen in blood and serum creatine kinase in basketball athletes.

The effects of oligosaccharide and creatine (Cr) supplementation on glucose, lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels in blood and activity of serum creatine kinase (CK) were explored. Twenty CUBA male athletes were divided into 4 groups: group A (supplementation of Cr alone), group B (supplementation of oligosaccharide), group C (supplementation of oligosaccharide and Cr) and group D (placebo control group). By using orthogonal L4 table (2(3)), the experiment was performed. There were factors including oligosaccharide (carbohydrate, CHO), Cr and their correlation. Each factor had two levels: supplementation and no-supplementation. The results showed that the supplementation of CHO or Cr alone, combined supplementation of CHO and Cr could significantly reduce the glucose, urea nitrogen levels in blood and serum CK activity after competition in the athletes. Moreover, the effects of combined supplementation of CHO and Cr were more satisfactory. It was concluded that supplementation of CHO and Cr could promote the recovery of physical performance and athletic abilities after athletics in basketball athletes.

Athletes↗
PubMed2003

Simultaneous bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fracture in a basketball player.

A 16-year-old male basketball player had sustained an injury upon landing after a forceful jump. Plain radiography demonstrated bilateral tibial tubercle avulsion fracture involving partially proximal physis. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed at once. Continuous passive motion was started immediately after operation, and the patient was ambulated with hinged knee extension braces. After 27 months follow-up his knees completely regained normal range of motion except a 3 degrees extension loss in the left knee. He resumed all daily functional activities (Lysholm functional score of 99), but he slightly lost his level of activity (Tegner activity level from 7 to 6). No angular deformity at all on the frontal plane was determined upon radiological examination. Tibial slope angles were symmetrical and within the normal range. There were visible small bone fragments inside the left patellar tendon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Fractures of the fifth metatarsal in basketball players.

A prospective nonrandomized study was made of 17 basketball players with fractures of the proximal third of the shaft of the fifth metatarsal. Eight had acute fractures, which were treated with a cast without weight-bearing, and the other nine had stress fractures for which percutaneous compression screwing was initially used. In the first group, union was obtained in four cases in an average of 9 weeks, with resumption of sport by 12 weeks. Three had a good outcome and the fourth was fair. The other four cases, which had not healed after 12 weeks of immobilization, were subsequently treated using compression screws. Resumption of sport was achieved 20-24 weeks after the fracture. Two of these had a good result; in the other two the results were fair. Of the nine patients with stress fractures in which a screw was inserted, all healed between 8 and 14 weeks and returned to sport within 7-12 weeks. Seven had a good result and the other two only fair. There was one intraoperative complication, but no postoperative complications, such as nonunion or refracture, were observed. Even if the non-operative treatment is able to provide a good result, immobilization without weight-bearing does not guarantee healing. In this series, percutaneous screw fixation was able to achieve successful healing in a short period of time. Thus, this procedure seems to be preferable for primary treatment of this lesion in athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Supraspinatus tendon US morphology in basketball players: correlation with main pathologic models of secondary impingement syndrome in young overhead athletes. Preliminary report.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate supraspinatus tendon sonographic morphology in a population of young overhead athletes in correlation with main pathologic models of secondary shoulder impingement syndrome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between April and May 2004, 20 subjects (ten professional basketball players and ten non-athlete controls of the same age, weight and height ranges) underwent bilateral, standardised, sonographic sholulder examination to evaluate supraspinatus echotexture, supraspinatus and subacromial bursa thickness, subacromial space width (cutoff of 7 mm) and dynamic anterior impingement beneath the acromial margin. RESULTS: All subjects were right handed. No symptomatic controls were found. Four players showed signs and symptoms of right atraumatic shoulder instability (two cases) or supraspinatus impingement with anterior pain (one right and one left shoulder). Subacromial space width was reduced in five right-dominant players' shoulders (three symptomatic and two asymptomatic) versus zero controls (p<0.05) and in eight players' shoulders versus zero controls on total shoulders (p<0.05). No other significant differences were observed between the two groups in sonographic parameters considered. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the study limitations, ultrasonography (US) is able to detect subacromial space narrowing in young overhead athletes as early shoulder impingement sign, according to the continuum impingement-instability pathologic model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Effects of blood flow restriction training combined with plyometric training on lower limb muscle strength and motor unit recruitment in basketball players: An experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that plyometric training (PT) improves neuromuscular function and explosive power but not maximal strength. Blood flow restriction training (BFR) combined with low-intensity resistance training (RT) increases muscle mass and strength. This study investigated the effects of PT, and BFR combined with PT on lower-limb muscle function. METHODS: Twenty elite basketball players were randomly assigned to two groups: PT-alone group (PT, n&#x202f;=&#x202f;10) and BFR combine with PT group (PT-BFR, n&#x202f;=&#x202f;10). All participants underwent bodyweight-based plyometric training three times per week for eight weeks. Peak torque values for hip and knee flexion and extension, as well as root mean square (RMS) values derived from electromyography, were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After the 8-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in knee flexion and extension peak torque at 180&#xb0;/s (all p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.01). Between-group comparisons revealed greater gains in the PT-BFR group for hip extension and flexion at 60&#xb0;/s (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.036-0.002; &#x3b7;p2 = 0.225-0.233). RMS of the rectus femoris increased significantly more in the PT-BFR group than in the PT group (right: p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.004, &#x3b7;p2 = 0.385; left: p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.020, &#x3b7;p2 = 0.266), whereas no significant changes were observed in the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, or biceps femoris (all p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). CMJ height also improved more in the PT-BFR group, with a significant group &#xd7;&#x2009;time interaction (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.042, &#x3b7;p2 = 0.210). CONCLUSION: Both training protocols enhanced bilateral lower-limb strength, with notable gains in the non-dominant leg; however, the magnitude did not differ substantially between groups. In contrast, compared with PT alone, BFR combined with PT produced superior enhancements in lower-limb muscle strength and neuromuscular recruitment. These findings suggest that when PT is employed to improve explosive power, it may be effectively combined with BFR to further augment muscular strength.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Aiming at a far target under different viewing conditions: visual control in basketball jump shooting.

Most research on visual search in aiming at far targets assumes preprogrammed motor control implying that relevant visual information is detected prior to the final shooting or throwing movements. Eye movement data indirectly support this claim for stationary tasks. Using the basketball jump shot as experimental task we investigated whether in dynamic tasks in which the target can be seen until ball release, continuous, instead of preprogrammed, motor control is possible. We tested this with the temporal occlusion paradigm: 10 expert shooters took shots under four viewing conditions, namely, no vision, full vision, early vision (vision occluded during the final +/-350 ms before ball release), and late vision (vision occluded until these final +/-350 ms). Late-vision shooting appeared to be as good as shooting with full vision while early-vision performance was severely impaired. The results imply that the final shooting movements were controlled by continuous detection and use of visual information until ball release. The data further suggest that visual and movement control of aiming at a far target develop in close correspondence with the style of execution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and antioxidant status in top soccer and basketball players after 4 months of competition.

Antioxidant status and titers of autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL-Ab) were investigated in top soccer (S; n = 21, age 24.6 +/- 4.3 years) and basketball (B; n 3,000 mIU/ml) in ox-LDL-Ab were found in half the players (12S and 4B) with a maximum reaching 6000 mIU/ml (normal range: 200-600 mIU/ml), showing an in vivo LDL oxidation. There was no correlation between ox-LDL-Ab titers and chlolesterol, LDL cholesterol, or antioxidant levels. Nevertheless, plasma vitamin C concentration was lower in athletes having high levels of ox-LDL-Ab when compared with those with normal levels (8.49 +/- 3.14 mirogram/ml vs. 10.39 +/- 2.55 microgram/ml), but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, our data suggest that potential atherogenic and cardiovascular risks as reflected by high titers in ox-LDL-Ab may exist in some top athletes despite a nonaltered antioxidant status.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Trust in leadership and team performance: evidence from NCAA basketball.

This study empirically examined the relationship between trust, leadership, and team performance with 2 objectives. The 1st objective was to empirically examine an assumption found in several literatures--that a team's trust in its leader has a significant effect on the team's performance. The 2nd objective was to explore a more complex and dynamic relationship between trust and team performance whereby trust in leadership mediates the relationship between past team performance and future team performance. This relationship is derived by combining theories of trust with an attributional theory of leadership. Survey and archival data from a sample of men's college basketball teams provides support for both hypotheses, indicating that trust in leadership is both a product and a determinant of team performance.

Basketball↗