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PubMed1995

Identification of chromosome 21 materials using the whole chromosome 21 specific library.

The chromosome in situ suppression hybridization or chromosome painting technic was applied to confirm and eliminate the markers involving chromosome 21 segments using a chromosome 21 DNA library. The library ATCCLL21SNO2 was amplified, directly biotinylated using the polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated a translocation of chromosome 21 material on chromosome 2 and X and eliminate the origin of the marker. Thus, the technique provides an important tool to complement the conventional G-banding technic.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

Multicomponent Reactions with Isocyanides.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are fundamentally different from two-component reactions in several aspects. Among the MCRs, those with isocyanides have developed into popular organic-chemical reactions in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of compound libraries of low-molecular druglike compounds. With a small set of starting materials, very large libraries can be built up within a short time, which can then be used for research on medicinal substances. Due to the intensive research of the last few years, many new backbone types have become accessible. MCRs are also increasingly being employed in the total synthesis of natural products. MCRs and especially MCRs with isocyanides offer many opportunities to attain new reactions and basic structures. However, this requires that the chemist learns the "language" of MCRs, something that this review wishes to stimulate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Duplication 9q34-->qter identified by chromosome painting.

We have studied an infant with multiple anomalies and a 46,XY,12p+ karyotype. Parental chromosomes were normal, and it was not possible to determine the identity of the extra material on chromosome 12 cytogenetically. Chromosome painting with probes from a chromosome 9 library identified this material as coming from chromosome 9, and cytogenetics established the duplication as 9q34-->qter. Comparison of this patient with others reported with partial dup(9q) documented excellent concordance of minor anomalies, most notably dolichocephaly, "deep-set" eyes, short horizontal palpebral fissures, beaked nose, micrognathia, arachnodactyly, and developmental delay. Identification of cytogenetically indeterminate abnormalities by molecular cytogenetics is very important, as it permits prognosis to be offered for families of newborn infants with unbalanced karyotypes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

Construction and characterization of a Plasmodium vivax genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes.

Here we describe the construction of a representative YAC library for the human malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. As P. vivax cannot be maintained continuously under laboratory conditions, the P. vivax DNA necessary for the library construction was isolated from a single human patient presenting himself with vivax malaria to a local hospital in the Brazilian Amazon. Thus, this YAC library is the first of its kind to be generated from patient-derived material. The YAC library consists of 560 clones with an average insert size of 180 kb. Of 9 published P. vivax genes, 8 were found to be present in the library. In addition, 12 P. vivax telomeric YAC clones were identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

International exchange of scientific literature by U.S. academic health sciences libraries: a literature review and survey of current activities.

This paper reports results of a literature review and survey of current international exchange activities in 124 academic health sciences libraries in the United States. It describes the extent to which those libraries engage in exchange programs, the kinds of material sent and received, and the common problems in establishing and maintaining exchange relationships. Preferences of the respondents for future exchange programs are identified and recommendations for enhancing their value are made. The work reported is being used by the Medical Library Association Ad Hoc Committee on the International Exchange and Redistribution of Library Materials to develop a more workable and effective mechanism for continuing the international exchange of scientific literature and for facilitating the dissemination of scientific information to national and international network users.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A combinatorial approach for development of materials for optical sensing of gases.

We present a combinatorial approach for development of materials for use in optical gas sensors, with oxygen being used as an exemplary target gas. Combinatorial chemistry is shown to be a promising tool for speeding up the search for new sensor materials. The method is based on the use of various polymers, solvents, indicators, plasticizers, and other additives. Solutions of the respective materials are prepared in appropriate organic solvents, and a robotic station is programmed to mix the components. Spots of the sensing materials are deposited in the wells of glass substrates resembling microtiterplates. After drying off the solvent, the sensor spots are automatically analyzed in a test stand, where they are exposed to a carrier gas containing oxygen in various concentrations. Changes in the decay time of fluorescence of the indicator probes are measured and used (along with sensor response time) as a main criterion for sensor assessment. It is shown that the combinatorial approach can reduce the time and effort needed to establish libraries of sensor materials by a factor of at least 1000. We describe in detail the device for preparation of sensor libraries and for testing the respective materials. The potential of the system is demonstrated for the characterization of optical oxygen sensors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Construction and preliminary screening of a human phage single-chain antibody library associated with gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to construct a phage library of human single-chain antibodies associated with gastric cancer and screen such a library for CEA binding scFv. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cDNA library of antibody variable regions was constructed using mRNA from metastatic lymph nodes or spleen of patients with stomach cancer by RT-PCR. These cDNA were assembled into a single-chain format and cloned into phagemid pCANTAB-5 and then transformed into Escherichia coli TG1. The scFv gene library was rescued by M13KO7 helper phage. CEA and the viable CEA-positive gastric cancer cell line MKN-28 were used to screen the phage antibody library. Indirect and tumor cell ELISA was used to determine the specificity of phage antibody. Fixed cell immunofluorescence and live cell FACS analysis were used to further characterize the binding of phage scFv. RESULTS: After transformation into E. coli TG1, 2.5 x 10(7) cfu/microg ampicillin-resistant clones grew. Sequences of those positive insert clones showed that the V(H) genes were derived from the V(H) III subgroup, while the V(L) genes belonged to the V(kappa) III subgroup. After four rounds of panning, the titer of eluted binding phage increased 135- to 158-fold and ELISA results showed that 20/95 clones can bind CEA and 47/95 clones can bind fixed tumor cells. Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis results showed that these phage scFv fragments could bind CEA-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully constructed a human phage antibody library from lymph nodes of stomach cancer patients. Such kinds of library prove useful for generating tumor-antigen-specific human antibody fragments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1964

INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION IN SWEDEN AND THE MEDICAL PART OF THE SCANDIA PLAN.

In Sweden, as in Scandinavia generally, the interlibrary loan service is widely extended. The large research libraries traditionally follow a very liberal lending policy. Of fundamental importance to the Swedish interloan system is the maintenance of a union catalog. The free flow of materials from one library to another is facilitated by the franking privilege accorded public institutions. During the fifties, the idea arose of establishing acquisitional cooperation among the research libraries in Sweden. The highly developed interlibrary loan service was of basic significance for the realization of this project. In 1956 the possibilities were investigated of further expanding the acquisitional cooperation to include the greater libraries of Scandinavia. Thus, the so-called Scandia Plan was born. In 1960 the time was ripe to discuss the possibilities of applying the Scandia Plan to medical literature. At a meeting that year it was agreed that such cooperation could apply only to the literature which from a Scandinavian point of view would be considered peripheral. The plan was to include periodicals only, and be restricted to materials which, mainly for language reasons, are infrequently used in Scandinavian research. The task of acquiring such periodicals could be divided between the different libraries of the four countries. Such an arrangement would make it economically possible to increase the common stock of medical periodicals and avoid unnecessary duplication of material least in demand.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Government documents and the online catalog.

Prior to planning for implementing the NOTIS system, the Vanderbilt Medical Center Library had not fully cataloged its government publications, and records for these materials were not in machine-readable format. A decision was made that patrons should need to look in only one place for all library materials, including the Health and Human Services Department publications received each year from the central library's Government Documents Unit. Beginning in 1985, these publications were added to the library's database, and the entire 7,200-piece collection is now in the online catalog. Working with these publications has taught the library much about the advantages and disadvantages of cataloging government documents in an online environment. It was found that OCLC cataloging copy is eventually available for most titles, although only about 10% of the records have MeSH headings. Staff time is the major expenditure; problems are caused by documents' irregular nature, frequent format changes, and difficult authority work. Since their addition to the online catalog, documents are used more and the library has better control.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1969

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. 8. Suspension of computer atalog.

A system for the substitution of a computer-printed book catalog for a card catalog was put to the test by making the former the sole means of locating material in the library, after four years of being used merely as an adjunct to the card catalog. It was found not suitable, and a new system is being devised in the light of the difficulties encountered. The reasons why the system broke down and the plans for the new one are described.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1973

PAIR: a cooperative effort to meet informational needs.

St. Joseph Mercy Hospital organized a cooperative association of area institutions (the Pontiac Area Instructional Resources group: PAIR) in order to (1) promote a forum in which to exchange ideas and information on software used for learning materials and hardware for using such materials, (2) provide a resource library system to lend such learning materials, and (3) cooperatively produce such learning materials for use in member institutions. In less than one year of cooperation, a union list of serials and a union list of software for the area have been produced. A forum has been created in which ideas and information can be shared, and a sound/slide program has been produced.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2006

Selective molecularly imprinted polymer obtained from a combinatorial library for the extraction of bisphenol A.

In the present work, an analytical methodology based on molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) has been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in environmental and food samples. In order to select the optimum material, a combinatorial library of molecularly imprinted polymers in small-scale (mini-MIPs) was prepared using BPA as template. Different monomers (methacrylic acid or 4-vinylpyridine), crosslinkers (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) and porogens (methanol, acetonitrile or toluene) were used leading to 24 different polymerisation mixtures. After BPA removal, the ability of mini-MIPs to recognise BPA was evaluated by equilibrium rebinding-elution experiments. The copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) prepared in toluene showed the higher affinity for the template. Subsequently, a scaled-up version of the optimum polymer was prepared and used in the development of MISPE procedures for the extraction of BPA. The optimised MISPE protocols were successfully applied to the selective extraction of BPA from soils and aqueous canned peas samples.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1994

Trends in the use of DOCLINE and the OCLC ILL subsystem 1986-1992.

An examination of interlibrary loan statistics from 1986 through 1992 at the Health Sciences Library (HSL), State University of New York at Buffalo, revealed that the numbers of requests received via DOCLINE increased steadily over this period. Meanwhile, the numbers of requests received via OCLC rose from 1986 to 1989 but then declined steadily from 1989 to 1992. To understand and interpret these trends, a survey of various libraries that obtain material from HSL was conducted to collect data on their use of DOCLINE and OCLC. Analysis of the data confirmed that the use of DOCLINE was on the increase, especially in health sciences libraries, and that in some of these libraries requests for documents via OCLC were on the decline. The ratio of requests via DOCLINE versus OCLC ranged from 2:1 to 5:1. In the non-health sciences libraries that request from HSL, use of DOCLINE is minimal compared to that of OCLC.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Noninvasive identification of materials inside USP vials with Raman spectroscopy and a Raman spectral library.

A commercial dispersive Raman spectrometer operating at 785 nm with a CCD detector was used to acquire spectra of USP reference materials inside amber USP vials. The laser and collection beams were directed through the bottom of the vials, resulting in a 60% loss of signal. The Raman shift was calibrated with a 4-acetamidophenol standard, and spectral response was corrected with a luminescent standard. After these corrections, the Raman spectra obtained inside the USP vial and on open powders differed by less than 5%. A spectral library of 309 reference materials was constructed, with spectral acquisition times ranging from 1 to 60 s. Of these, 8% had significant fluorescent background but observable Raman features, while 3% showed only fluorescence. A blind test of 26 unknowns revealed the accuracy of the library search to be 88-96%, depending on search algorithm, and 100% if operator discretion was permitted. The tolerance of the library search to degraded signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and Raman shift accuracy were tested, and the search was very robust. The results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy provides a rapid, noninvasive technique for compound identification.

Drug Packaging↗
PubMed2001

[The construction of rapid amplification of cDNA ends cDNA libraries from human fetal bone and joint].

OBJECTIVE: To construct rapid amplification cDNA ends(RACE) cDNA libraries from human fetal bone and joint and provide resources for isolation of bone- and joint-specific development-related genes. METHODS: Total RNA of bone and joint were extracted with the modified single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. The double-stranded end-blunted cDNA were synthesized using TaKaRa's cDNA synthesis kit and ligated to cassette adaptors. All of the cDNA molecules were amplified by a pair of common primers. RESULTS: A protocol for RACE cDNA library construction from bone and joint was established and two RACE cDNA libraries from human fetal bone and joint were successfully constructed. CONCLUSION: The protocol of RACE cDNA library construction from limited materials proved to be simple and efficient and the library was suitable for RACE to isolate tissue-specific genes.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2005

Comparative analysis of early embryonic sunflower cDNA libraries.

To gain information concerning cell functions and activities during sunflower embryogenesis, an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach was used to analyse gene expression in the early stages of sunflower embryos development. Confocal microscopy observations of whole-mounted embryos allowed us to identify precisely the major steps of the zygotic embryonic development. A time-course analysis was then employed to collect the embryonic material. Three cDNA libraries were constructed from microdissected embryos, and three other cDNA libraries were created using a classical day after pollination schedule. A total of 7106 ESTs were produced and assembled. The total number of putative different genes represents about 43.1 (3064 tentative contigs and singlets) of the analysed sequences. The unigenes that showed similarity to proteins with known or predicted functions (50.3) were classified into 15 different functional categories. The functional profiles were found to be quite similar for all studied embryo stages but statistical analysis revealed that successive and coordinate sets of genes are expressed at each embryonic stage. The analysis allowed us to identify abundant and differentially expressed genes at the early stages of embryos development as well as some putatively interesting genes, showing strong similarities with genes playing key roles in plant and animal embryogenesis. The data presented in this study not only provide a first global overview of the genes expression profile during sunflower embryogenesis but also represent an original and valuable tool for developmental genomics studies on exalbuminous dicots.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2002

A microarray-based method for detecting methylated loci.

CpG island DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating gene expression in development and carcinogenesis. We developed a new microarray-based method called methylation amplification DNA chip (MAD) for detecting differences in methylation. In this method, only methylated CpG islands from the two samples that we wanted to compare were amplified and used for hybridization. The resource material for the microarray was derived from the methylated DNA library of the sample in which we wanted to detect hypermethylation. Choosing the methylated DNA library as the resource material of the microarray increased the percentage of DNA fragments derived from hypermethylated loci on the microarray.

Animals↗