PubMed · 9652869
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H W Daniell. 1998-07-01. Regarding Zagars and Pollack.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00135-7
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Infrared spectroscopy studies of 17beta-hydroxy-17-methyl-2-oxa-5alpha-androstan-3-one (HMOA) in 20 different pure organic solvents were undertaken to investigate the solute-solvent interactions and to correlate solvent properties, such as the KBM equation, the solvent acceptor number (AN), Schleyer's linear free energy equation (G-value), Dimroth and Reichardt's parameter E(T)(30) and Brownstein's parameter S with the frequency shifts of the carbonyl stretching vibration for solute. The result indicated that the KBM relationship is unsuitable to the complicated molecules. These frequencies exhibited a better correlation with the solvent parameters AN and G-value than others.
This study investigated the hypothesis that, in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), upregulated oestrogen receptors (ER) and the action of androgens differentially regulate expression of stromal growth factors. Eight human prostatic stromal cell strains were subjected to a procedure to upregulate their ER by exposing them to 1 micromol 17beta-estradiol for 10 days followed by passage and growth in the absence of steroids. Four of the cell strains instead received 100 nmol dihydrotestosterone for 48 h. Immunoexpression of ERalpha, AR and six growth factors was quantified by flow cytometry in each case. Expression of ERalpha was significantly increased in six of eight cell strains. Expressions of six growth factors (FGF-2, FGF-7, IGF-1, TGF-beta1 NGF and e NOS) were elevated but only for FGF-7 was it significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the change in ERalpha and the change in FGF-2 and FGF-7, but not the other growth factors. Exposure to dihydrotestosterone reduced expression of ERalpha and all six growth factors, compared with oestrogen-treated cells but not significantly. It is concluded that upregulated ERalpha in prostatic stroma may have a greater modulating influence on synthesis of certain growth factors than the direct action of androgens and, by enhancing synthesis of FGF-2 and FGF-7, could play a significant role in the development of BPH.
Androgenicity was tested in municipal effluents before and after treatment in sewage treatment plants using different treatment methods. The activity was tested with a recombinant yeast strain transfected with the gene for the human androgen receptor. Fractionation of effluents showed some basic properties of compounds with androgenic activity. Effluents from Swedish domestic sewage treatment plants contained compounds with androgenic effects. Levels varied from 0-160 ng dihydrotestosterone (DHT) equivalents/L. The androgenicity was higher in untreated effluents and removals of 26 and 42% for STWs without secondary treatment and 96- > 99% were recorded for STWs with secondary and tertiary treatment. As with estrogens in municipal effluents, STWs using biological treatment such as activated sludge and solid supported microbial processes were more effective in reduction of androgenic activity. Plants using only precipitation methods removed less of the activity. The androgens were composed of at least three individual compounds, similarly or less lipophilic than DHT.