PubMed · 9393361
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W H Foege. 1997-11-29. Malarone-donation programme.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)64045-7
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The authors investigated the relationship between children's ability to take the social perspective of another and their use of the causal attribution principle known as discounting in assessing others' kindness in helping. The participants (N = 153), 7 to 16 years old, were interviewed in a township bordering Johannesburg. Each participant was administered 2 perspective-taking tasks and a series of vignettes, based on prosocial versus self-interested motives, assessing perceptions of kindness in helping. A significant relationship was established at p < .01 between social perspective-taking ability and use of discounting, such that participants at higher perspective-taking levels judged helpful behavior as significantly less kind than did their peers when the behavior was motivated by self-interest. This finding is interpreted in terms of literature suggesting that advances in perspective taking facilitate the recognition of the manipulative function of externally offered incentives. Observations are made regarding the cross-cultural investigation of these variables.
Efforts to prevent the spread of HIV have, to an overwhelming degree, addressed themselves to the HIV-negative rather than to the positive population. But it makes sense to direct more preventive work towards positive individuals, for 3 reasons. First, because changes in the behaviour of positive people have a disproportionately greater effect on the spread of the epidemic--so positive-targeted interventions are potentially more cost-effective, and in many cases enormously so. Second, positive individuals already show a degree of preventive altruism that generally outweighs the self-protective efforts of those who are negative. And third, there is reason to believe that this preventive altruism can be strengthened by appropriate interventions. Some of the practical implications of a shift to greater positive targeting, involving both novel interventions and modified familiar ones, can be sketched out.