PubMed · 9199618
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J W Ross. 1997. Pathologist's shoulder.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9199618/
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The feasibility of thermo-chemical destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was investigated using a batch reactor and two different (vertical and horizontal) types of continuous reactor. A simple batch reactor was first designed and constructed to examine applicability of thermal-chemical destruction of PCBs. It was evidenced from the batch test results that the destruction of PCBs in the insulating oil (40% PCBs, w/w) was accomplished via abiotic dechlorination and mineralization of PCBs with quicklime at 600 degrees C under nitrogen environment. PCB destruction efficiencies were obtained about 99.95%. The reaction was exothermic resulting release of heat by which the reactor temperature suddenly increased up to 750 degrees C at the incipient 30 min of the experiment. Two major end products, CaCl2 and carbon, were identified. For a practical purpose, two continuous reactors were developed and tested. The observed continuous test results indicate that over 99.99% of PCB destruction efficiencies were achieved when excess quicklime (>3Ca:1Cl2 as a molar basis) was used. Specifically, the horizontal continuous reactor was suitable in view of ease of solid transfer, which is essential for complete destruction of PCBs and for full-scale applications.
Plasma gasification/vitrification is a technologically advanced and environmentally friendly method of disposing of waste, converting it to commercially usable by-products. This process is a drastic non-incineration thermal process, which uses extremely high temperatures in an oxygen-starved environment to completely decompose input waste material into very simple molecules. The intense and versatile heat generation capabilities of plasma technology enable a plasma gasification/vitrification facility to treat a large number of waste streams in a safe and reliable manner. The by-products of the process are a combustible gas and an inert slag. Plasma gasification consistently exhibits much lower environmental levels for both air emissions and slag leachate toxicity than other thermal technologies. In the framework of a LIFE-Environment project, financed by Directorate General Environment and Viotia Prefecture in Greece, a pilot plasma gasification/vitrification system was designed, constructed and installed in Viotia Region in order to examine the efficiency of this innovative technology in treating industrial hazardous waste. The pilot plant, which was designed to treat up to 50kg waste/h, has two main sections: (i) the furnace and its related equipment and (ii) the off-gas treatment system, including the secondary combustion chamber, quench and scrubber.