PubMed · 9167098
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D J Cox, L A Gonder-Frederick, B P Kovatchev, D M Julian, W L Clarke. 1997. Understanding error grid analysis.. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.20.6.911
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Recent successful synthesis of human glicentin prompted us to establish an immunoassay method for determination of human glicentin in plasma. Human glicentin in plasma was measured using a newly developed sandwich ELISA. The mean fasting levels of human glicentin were 18.6+/-2.4 and 19.7+/-2.1 pM in normal subjects and diabetic patients, respectively. In diabetic patients with renal failure, plasma glicentin was elevated, exceeding 100 pM. In normal subjects, plasma glicentin increased to a peak level of about 130 pM at 60 min after an oral glucose load, and then decreased. In patients who underwent gastrectomy, plasma glicentin rapidly increased to a peak of about 300 pM at 30 min after oral glucose load. In a patient with short bowel syndrome plasma glicentin did not change following an oral glucose load. These results correspond with previous findings for gut glucagon-like immunoreactive materials (GLI) or enteroglucagon. We conclude that glicentin is secreted from the small intestine in response to intraluminal glucose stimulation in humans.
A new definition of diabetes is just about to be adopted by WHO. The main change concerns the glycemic threshold for diagnosis of diabetes. Its value will decrease from 7.7 mmol/L to 7 mmol/L. This drop is neither the consequence of a methodological change (diabetes remains defined by glycemic values at risk of retinopathy) nor a revision of the gold standard (glycemic value > or = 11 mmol/L at 2 h. post glucose load remains the most accurate criterion for diagnosis). The only purpose of the new definition is to better correlate fasting glycemia with the 2 h. post load value during OGTT. So, the new definition of diabetes with a glycemic value > or = 7 mmol/L will allow to do diagnosis without OGTT. The WHO experts hope that this simplification will improve the earliness of diagnosis and treatment. WHO will propose to categorize 3 groups according to glycemic values: normal values < 6.05 mmol/L, diabetic values > 7 mmol/L, and impaired fasting glucose encompassing values above normal but below the diagnosis cut-off for diabetes (plasma glucose > or = 6.05 mmol/L to < 7.0 mmol/L). This impaired fasting glucose should be considered as a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Insulin use in NIDDM is a frequent situation. Many acute clinical circumstances justify a transient insulin therapy including ketoacidosis decompensation or hyperosmolar state and severe intercurrent diseases. The problem is more complex when glycemic control is no longer obtained despite maximal doses of oral treatment. Type 2 diabetes is then defined as an insulin-requiring diabetes. There is actually no consensus, but lots of arguments advocate an intensive insulin therapy based on multiple daily injections in this clinical state. However, when patient's overweight is important or if the clinical context is unfavourable, conventional insulin therapy or combined treatment using bedtime insulin and daytime oral agents may be tried.