PubMed · 9133211
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H J McQuay, A Moore. 1996. Epidural steroids for sciatica.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9133211/
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There is extensive evidence indicating that the noradrenergic system of the amygdala, particularly the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), is involved in memory consolidation. Infusions of norepinephrine or beta-adrenoceptor agonists into the BLA enhance memory for inhibitory avoidance as well as water maze training. Other findings show that alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation also enhances memory for inhibitory avoidance training through an interaction with beta-adrenergic mechanisms. The central hypothesis guiding the research reviewed in this chapter is that stress hormones released during emotionally arousing experiences activate noradrenergic mechanisms in the BLA, resulting in enhanced memory for those events. Findings from experiments using rats have shown that the memory-modulatory effects of the adrenocortical stress hormones epinephrine and glucocorticoids are mediated by influences involving activation of beta-adrenoceptors in the BLA. In addition, both behavioral and microdialysis studies have shown that the noradrenergic system of the BLA also mediates the influences of other neuromodulatory systems such as opioid peptidergic and GABAergic systems on memory storage. Other findings indicate that this stress hormone-induced activation of noradrenergic mechanisms in the BLA regulates explicit/declarative memory storage in other brain regions.
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Atopic dermatitis is a common, potentially debilitating condition that can compromise quality of life. Its most frequent symptom is pruritus. Attempts to relieve the itch by scratching simply worsen the rash, creating a vicious circle. Treatment should be directed at limiting itching, repairing the skin and decreasing inflammation when necessary. Lubricants, antihistamines and topical corticosteroids are the mainstays of therapy. When required, oral corticosteroids can be used. If pruritus does not respond to treatment, other diagnoses, such as bacterial overgrowth or viral infections, should be considered. Treatment options are available for refractory atopic dermatitis, but these measures should be reserved for use in unique situations and typically require consultation with a dermatologist or an allergist.