PubMed · 8555842
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G Edwards. 1996-01-06. Sensible drinking.. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7022.1
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Excessive alcohol consumption is a major health and social issue in our society. Pharmacologic administration of the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) suppresses alcohol consumption through actions in the brain in rodents, and genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved with FGF21 signaling as being associated with increased alcohol consumption in humans. However, the neural circuit(s) through which FGF21 signals to suppress alcohol consumption are unknown, as are its effects on alcohol consumption in higher organisms. Here, we demonstrate that administration of an FGF21 analog to alcohol-preferring non-human primates reduces alcohol intake by 50%. Further, we reveal that FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a projection-specific subpopulation of KLB-expressing neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Our results illustrate how FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through a specific population of neurons in the brain and demonstrate its therapeutic potential in non-human primate models of excessive alcohol consumption.
The use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs was investigated by questionnaire in 3699 second year students in ten UK universities. Patterns of use varied considerably between different faculty groups. Tobacco use was most prevalent in arts, social science and biological science students, among whom 36-39% of men and nearly one third of women were regular smokers, and least in female veterinary students (5%). Alcohol consumption was greatest in biological science students: 23% of those who drank exceeded 'hazardous' levels compared with 10-16% in all other faculties. Prevalence of cannabis use was highest in arts and social science students of whom 27% reported regular weekly use compared with 9-22% in other faculties. Experience with other illicit drugs was greatest among arts, social science and physical science students, of whom 64-71% reported experience at least once or twice, and least among veterinary students (42%). Identification of different lifestyles may help to direct appropriate health information to particular student groups.
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