PubMed · 8553832
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P Mainil-Varlet. 1995. Polylactic acid pins.. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679509002319
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Ruptures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and especially proximal bony avulsion fractures in children are very rare. This in combination with a rupture of the popliteal artery is extremely rare. Thus, an exact incidence is not available from the literature. Overall, these injuries are severe and often lead to chronic knee instability. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy who suffered a traumatic displacement of the left knee with a rupture of the popliteal artery. Prior to transfer to our department, he was treated by a saphenous vein bypass graft and by a transfixation of the knee using two oblique percutaneous pins. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the knee which revealed a femoral avulsion fracture of the PCL. Other ligaments and menisci were intact. A transosseous femoral fixation using non-absorbable stitches was carried out. A 1-year follow-up after surgery demonstrates intact peripheral perfusion and sensation, straight axes of both legs and a physiological gait. Minimal differences of the length and circumference of both legs could be measured. The posterior laxity (Lachman-test) was about 5/8 mm (right/left knee) and 2/5 mm (right/left knee) in 90 degrees flexion. The range of motion (extension/flexion) was 5/0/140 degrees -/5/100 degrees (right-left knee). Intact cruciate ligaments were confirmed by MRI. Minimal experience exists in treatment of combined injuries to the PCL and the popliteal artery in children.
STUDY DESIGN: Time series monitoring changes in titanium and stainless steel rod curvature kept at a constant temperature of 37 C as a function of time. OBJECTIVES: To assess the possibility of loss of curvature in titanium rods after scoliosis surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Titanium rods have gained use in scoliosis surgery due to their excellent biocompatibility, while allowing medical personnel to obtain undistorted magnetic resonance imaging scans following surgery. However, the impression of several clinicians has been that when screw pullout and/or loss of sagittal balance occurs, it may be due to the rods losing some of their curvature. METHODS: Five 6-mm rods of differing compositions and lengths (titanium 300 and 100 mm, stainless steel 300 and 100 mm, prebent titanium 85 mm) were bent at room temperature with a 3-point rod bender, then placed in an incubator at 37 C. Digital photographs were taken every 2 weeks and analyzed to extract the radius of curvature of each rod. RESULTS: The Ti rods had a significantly decreasing curvature with time. The prebent Ti and stainless steel rods did not exhibit significant change in curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Titanium rods bent at room temperature and then exposed to body temperature over time tend to exhibit "metal memory"; they gradually revert to their original shape. This may result in loss of sagittal balance and/or proximal screw pullout.
Hallux valgus deformity is characterized by lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx on the metatarsal head. Variable severity of the deviation causes prominence of the medial eminence, giving rise to a painful bunion deformity. Many patients will find permanent or temporary relief with non surgical measures. For those who failed conservative treatment, surgery may cure their symptoms. However unsatisfactory outcomes following hallux valgus surgery is not rare. Therefore a clear understanding of the pathology and of the patient's expectations must anticipate any treatment strategy in order to optimise patient's outcome. Cosmetic considerations should never be an indication for surgery.