PubMed · 8544499
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M Peterson. 1995-12-20. [What constitutes doping?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8544499/
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The occurrence and formation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in Robusta coffee was studied for three consecutive seasons under tropical conditions in Thailand. Sun drying of coffee cherries consistently led to OTA formation in the pulp and parchment (husks) of the cherries. In replicated trials, dried coffee beans (green coffee) were shown to contain on average OTA concentrations that were approximately 1% of those found in husks. OTA contamination of green coffee depended on cherry maturity, with green cherries being the least, and overripe cherries the most susceptible. Defects, and in particular the inclusion of husks, are the most important source of OTA contamination. OTA contamination occurred independently of whether cherries were placed on concrete, on bamboo tables, or on the ground. The study suggests that better raw material quality, an appropriate drying and dehulling procedure combined with a reduction of green coffee defects can effectively contribute to the reduction of OTA in green coffee.
Since to our knowledge no data are available in the literature regarding the influence of green coffee type and origin on ochratoxin A (OTA) content, determinations were carried out in order to assess the level of OTA contamination in green coffee samples of different provenience. A total of 162 samples of green coffee beans from various countries (84 from Africa, 60 from America, and 18 from Asia) were analyzed for OTA. Both the amount and the variability of OTA levels were tested as a function of green coffee provenience. The results showed that 106 of the overall samples were positive for OTA, with concentration ranging from 0 to 48 microg/kg (ppb). In particular, it was possible to verify that African samples were more contaminated with respect to samples of other origin in terms of frequency and level of OTA; the highest concentrations observed were 18 and 48 microg/kg in two samples from The Congo.