PubMed · 8534051
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J Moody. 1995. Prostate procedures.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)63573-4
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PURPOSE: We report long-term followup of patients with incontinence and obstruction after salvage cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 143 patients who underwent cryosurgical ablation of the prostate for treatment failure after radiation therapy. Data were collected by telephone interview with each patient and chart review. Median followup was 27 months (range 12 to 42). RESULTS: Of 107 patients who underwent cryosurgical ablation of the prostate using a commercially available urethral warmer 15 (14%) had significant obstruction or retention that required transurethral resection of the prostate in 10, of whom 6 became incontinent. Urinary incontinence occurred in 45 patients (42%) and resolved in 21 (47%), for an overall 28% long-term incontinence rate. Of 28 patients who underwent cryosurgical ablation of the prostate using an alternative urethral warmer 13 (46%) had incontinence and 15 (54%) had significant obstruction or retention. Resolution was rare and 89% of the patients are currently incontinent. Eight patients underwent 2 separate cryosurgical ablations with an 88% incontinence rate (43% overall). The double freezing technique did not increase postoperative obstruction or incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Incontinence and urinary retention rates are increased in patients undergoing cryosurgical ablation of the prostate after failure of radiation therapy but spontaneous resolution occurs in half of the patients within 1 year if an effective urethral warmer is used. Incontinence treatments should be delayed until after this period. Postoperative incontinence and obstruction rates are significantly greater when an effective urethral warmer is not used and spontaneous resolution is rare.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the extent of retinal vessel development present on early screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity has prognostic value? DESIGN: The prospectively collected data from the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity were used to compare the development of acute retinopathy of prematurity and long-term structural and visual outcomes for eyes with differing extents of retinal vessel development. PATIENT: Study patients had eyes with the following vessel development. In zone I eyes, vessels extended from the disc less than twice the distance from the disc to the macula. In zone II eyes, vessels extended beyond zone I but not to the nasal ora serrata. Transitional eyes had vessels partly in zone I and partly in zone II. RESULTS: The chance of developing threshold retinopathy of prematurity was inversely related to the early degree of vessel development: 54% for zone I eyes, 25% for transitional eyes, and 8% for zone II eyes. The presence of prominent iris vessels at 34 to 35 weeks of postmenstrual age was associated with increased risk for all three groups; zone I eyes almost always needed treatment (94%). The chance of having an unfavorable anatomic alteration of the posterior fundus, or poor vision at the ages of 1 year and 3 1/2 years, was also inversely related to the degree of early vessel development. Vessel development was an independently important factor even when birth weight, gestational age, and race were considered. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of early retinal vessel development is a significant predictor of outcome from retinopathy of prematurity. Iris vessel dilatation is an important indication for greater vigilance in following these infants.