PubMed · 8526286
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D L Turpin. 1995. Arch length related problems.. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1995)065%3C0303%3Aalrp%3E2.0.co%3B2
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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of smoking on osseointegrated implant failure by performing a meta-analysis. A computerized literature search using PubMed database (in English) and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina (in Japanese) was carried out to identify all relevant studies. Among 175 studies identified and chosen for detailed review, 19 were appropriate for inclusion in our meta-analysis. When smokers were compared with non-smokers, odds ratio (OR) for osseointegrated implant failure was significantly elevated (OR 2.17, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.67-2.83). Seven studies were appropriate to examine the influence of intra-oral location (maxillary arch vs. mandibular arch) of implant failure on smoking. The OR for implant failure occurring in the maxillary arch was significantly elevated (OR 2.06, 95% CI, 1.61-2.65), whereas the OR in the mandibular arch did not demonstrate a significant increased risk associated with smoking (OR 1.32, 95% CI, 0.72-2.4). Our meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between smoking and the risk of osseointegrated implant failure, more particularly those implants located in the maxillary arch.
Palatal expansion is frequently applied in correction of maxillary transverse deficiency and upper dental arch constriction. Palatal expansion includes rapid palatal expansion and slow palatal expansion. Slow palatal expansion generated physiological expansion force compared to strong forces by rapid palatal expansion with some side effects. Satisfied clinical results will be achieved in selected cases. This paper reviews the types of appliance, skeletal and dental changes, and comparison with rapid palatal expansion.
The aim of the present geometrical analysis is to find a method to evaluate the symmetrical position of the teeth inside the dental arch and the symmetry of the dental curve in general. The biggest problem was the identification of the symmetry axis of the upper and the lower dental arches, since there is an absence of certain anatomic landmarks in the centre of palate and mandibular body. Therefore the theorems of symmetrical figures have been applied in order to research the relationship between the dental arch points and to obtain an index: the Ixs Index. The Ixs Index gives a result of 1 when 2 couples, such as the cusps of the canines and the mesio-buccal cusps of the first molars, are in symmetric position. In contrast with a result unequal to 1, the teeth lie asymmetrically.