Search PubMed⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8372293

[Positron-emission tomography (PET)--basic considerations].

G K von Schulthess·G Westera·P A Schubiger
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A PET installation is a technically complex system composed essentially of two parts. The first consists in isotope production and synthesis of labeled biochemical compounds, the second in measuring the distribution of radioactivity in the body with the PET camera and the generation of image data. The specific advantage of PET lies on one hand in the use of positron emitters that are isotopes of ubiquitous elements in biologic matter, i.e. exact analogs of biomolecules can be produced and utilized and on the other hand quantification is possible. (= enable quantitative...?) Theoretically there are no limits for the synthesis of radioactive compounds and the method therefore provides unlimited test designs. The short half-life of the employed isotopes is advantageous for radioprotection reasons but the production of labeled compounds necessitates a cyclotron accelerator and a special laboratory for the handling of radioactive compounds rendering the production of the test substances relatively expensive. Measurements take place in a PET camera with a large number of coincidence detectors. The best available cameras have a spatial resolution of 5 mm in all three axes with an axial window of about 15 cm diameter. Evaluation of PET images is done in a qualitative way by superposition on anatomic images (CT, MRI) by image fusion. Quantitative determinations require elaborate computer modeling.

Explore related subjects

CyclotronsHumansTomography, Emission-ComputedEnglish AbstractJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

G K von Schulthess, G Westera, P A Schubiger. 1993-08-24. [Positron-emission tomography (PET)--basic considerations].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8372293/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2003

FTMS structure elucidation of natural products: application to muraymycin antibiotics using ESI multi-CHEF SORI-CID FTMS(n), the top-down/bottom-up approach, and HPLC ESI capillary-skimmer CID FTMS.

The molecular formulas for the structures and substructures of muraymycin antibiotics A1 (C52H90N14O19, MW 1214) and B1 (C49H83N11O18, MW 1113) were determined using electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). The muraymycin A1 and B1 structures were elucidated by utilizing capillary-skimmer fragmentation with up to five stages of mass spectrometry (MS5). Multi-CHEF, a multiple ion isolation method, was used at each stage of MS(n) to isolate a parent ion and up to four reference ions, for exact-mass calibration. The parent ions were fragmented by SORI-CID and the product ions internally calibrated with average absolute mass errors less than 1 ppm at each stage in the fragmentation processes. Using the top-down/bottom-up approach, the molecular formulas for the antibiotics were determined by summing the elemental formulas of the neutral losses, obtained by measuring the mass differences (<500 Da) between the genetically related sequential parent ion masses in the MS(n) spectra, with the unique elemental formula of the lowest parent ion mass (<500 Da). The structures of 12 additional compounds in the muraymycin complex were elucidated using HPLC ESI capillary-skimmer CID FTMS by correlating their fragmentation patterns with those of muraymycins A1 and B1. Sequential neutral losses of an aminosugar, a valine, a uridine, and an ester fatty acid from the muraymycin parent ions provided diagnostic fragments for characterization.

Cyclotrons↗
PubMed2003

Manipulating internal energy of protonated biomolecules in electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The internal energy of protonated leucine enkephalin has been manipulated in electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with two newly designed pump-probe experiments. Blackbody infrared radiation was applied to pump an ion population into a well-defined internal energy distribution below the dissociation threshold. Following this pumping stage, the internal energy distribution was probed using on-resonance collisional activation to dissociate the ions. These pump-probe experiments were carried out in two different ways: (a) using on-resonance collisional activation with variable kinetic energies to dissociate the ions at a constant initial ion temperature (determining the precursor ion survival percentage as a function of kinetic energy) and (b) using on-resonance collisional activation with a constant kinetic energy to dissociate the ions at variable initial ion temperatures (to investigate the ion survival yield-initial ion temperature dependence). Using this approach, a detailed study of the effects of the initial ion temperature, the probing kinetic energy and the internal energy loss rate on the effective conversion efficiency of (laboratory-frame) kinetic energy to internal energy was conducted. This conversion efficiency was found to be dependent on the initial ion temperature. Depending on the experimental conditions the conversion efficiency (for collisions with argon) was estimated to be about 4.0 +/- 1.7%, which agrees with that obtained from a theoretical modeling. Finally, the reconstructed curves of the ion survival yield versus the mode of the (final) total internal energy distribution of the activated ion population (after pump and probe events) at different pump-probe conditions reveal the internal energy content of the activated ions.

Cyclotrons↗