PubMed · 8102743
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E Manso, G De Sio, F Biavasco, P E Varaldo, G Sambo, C Maffei. 1993-09-04. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8102743/
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There is evidence that transmission of serum hepatitis is associated with transmission of virus-like particles, approximately, 20 millimicron in diameter, containing the Australia or serum hepatitis (SH) antigen, which is currently referred to as the hepatitis associated antigen (HAA). Virus-like particles containing HAA were in the following materials, inoculation of which produced serum hepatitis: (1) a pool of human plasma, (2) serum obtained during the acute phase of hepatitis from a recipient of the plasma pool, (3) a preparation of human thrombin, and (4) serum from a proved hepatitis carrier. The HAA appeared in the serum samples of 61 individuals inoculated with these materials; serum hepatitis developed in 38 of them. Inoculation of dilutions of the plasma pool showed that serum hepatitis can be transmitted by materials containing HAA in amounts too low to be detected by current techniques.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term impact of carrier screening for cystic fibrosis. The impact of being identified as a carrier for cystic fibrosis was assessed through three questionnaires measuring the emotional responses, changes in reproductive attitudes and decisions, retention of the result, and sharing of the information about the result with relatives. The questionnaires were sent to 160 women identified as carriers between 1990 and 1992 and to 200 randomly selected women with a negative result. Carriers became surprised, anxious and worried upon receipt of their result. However, this response disappeared once the partners had been tested and found negative. No sign of residual anxiety was found among carriers who answered the third questionnaire in November 1994. Carriers freely shared the information about their result with relatives, friends, and general practitioners. Few carriers changed their reproductive plans or attitudes to abortion of a foetus with CF due to the result. No decline in fertility or change in reproductive pattern were observed among carriers after testing. The imperfect sensitivity of the carrier test caused some misunderstanding in the retention of the result. This may reflect inadequacies in the information and counselling. Psychological factors are also believed to contribute to the misunderstanding of the result. The information should be improved to avoid false reassurance.