PubMed · 8040526
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G T Chyz. 1994. Amalgam.. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1994.0199
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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Passive fit of implant-supported-prosthesis frameworks has been suggested as a prerequisite for successful long-term osseointegration. However, there are no scientific guidelines as to what is passive fit and how to achieve and measure it. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to discuss passive fit and to review the various clinical methods that have been suggested for evaluating implant framework fit.Methods. The dental literature was reviewed to identify the clinical methods that have been used to evaluate implant framework fit. CONCLUSIONS: The suggested levels of passive fit are empirical. Numerous techniques have been advocated to evaluate the prosthesis-implant interface, but none individually provides objective results. It is suggested that clinicians use a combination of the available methods to minimize misfits.
Mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) are mainly controlled by its unique microstructure. The objectives of this paper are to characterize the microstructural morphology and the phase distribution of ADI using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to determine the mechanism of strengthening and toughening of ADI. The experimental results show that, in the microstructure of ADI composing of upper bainite, retained austenite, graphitic nodule, and a small amount of martensite, the upper bainite is composed of sub-units of ferrite in the shape of "wheat ears" on which the "wheat grains" grow at an angle of about 60 degrees to the long axis of the "wheat ears." The retained austenite is connected with each other in the shape of a continuous net. The wheat-ear like bainite with a homogeneous distribution in the continuous austenite net plays an important role to the strengthening and toughening of ADI. The metastable austenite appears in the shape of a large plate in which the martensite is preferentially formed. The appearance of martensite can be suppressed at the time when retained austenite remains stable, which is of benefit to the continuity and homogeneity of austenite net.
This article describes a simple step-by-step procedure that uses inexpensive materials to enable those who wish to learn procedures used in the construction of a screw-type implant overdenture to practice these procedures before they use expensive precious metal components. The use of this procedure will result in considerable savings in training costs and affords a greater opportunity to provide practical experience before making this type of an overdenture for patients. It could also provide for a rapid expansion in the number of trained personnel who could make this form of treatment available to a larger number of patients.