PubMed · 7836269
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S Gupta. 1994. Herpes simplex encephalitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7836269/
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Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensors are based on the principle that adsorption of substances on the surface of a quartz crystal changes its resonance oscillation frequency. A QCM immunosensor was developed for the detection of both cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CymMV) and odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (ORSV) by pre-coating the QCMs with virus-specific antibodies. Upon binding of virions in either purified form or crude sap of infected orchids with the immobilised virus antibodies, the increase in mass at the QCM surface resulted in a reduction in the frequency of resonance oscillation in a manner dependent upon the amount of virus bound. The QCM was able to detect as low as 1 ng each of the two orchid viruses. This detection sensitivity is comparable to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but the assay is faster. This immunoassay was shown to be specific, sensitive, rapid and economical, thus providing a viable alternative to virus detection methods. This is the first report using QCM immunosensors to detect plant viruses.
Vaccination at 6 months of age followed by routine revaccination is recommended when exposure of infants to measles is likely. Dade County, Florida, began this early two-dose schedule during a large epidemic in 1986-1987 (i.e., 22% of cases occurred in infants aged 6-11 months). This schedule was continued routinely in high-risk areas. The effect of an early two-dose schedule on measles prevention in the county was examined by comparing measles vaccination coverage and epidemiology before (1985-1987) and after (1988-1996) the schedule became routine. To assess serologic response, seroprevalence of measles antibody among children aged 4-6 years in 1995 was examined. To evaluate vaccine effectiveness, a case-control study was conducted among preschool-aged children. Among those aged 2 years, vaccination coverage with > or =1 dose increased from 75% to 94% in 1996. The number of annual cases declined, and endemic measles transmission reportedly ended after 1993. Seroprevalence of plaque reduction neutralization antibody (titer > 1:120) among those receiving vaccination according to an early two-dose schedule and a single dose at age > or =12 months was 94% (95% confidence interval: 89, 98) and 98% (95% confidence interval: 95, 100). In these groups, vaccine effectiveness was comparably high. Early two-dose measles vaccination is associated with improved coverage and a comparably high level of humoral immunity and clinical protection as a single dose at age > or =12 months. This strategy can be useful in areas at high risk for measles among infants.
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