PubMed · 7723988
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J M Scheller. 1995. Secondarily generalized seizures.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7723988/
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The newborn brain is particularly vulnerable to seizures which are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The clinical manifestations of seizures in infants differ from those seen in older children and adults. The problem of electro-clinical dissociation, where there is no temporal correspondence between electrical paroxysms and repetitive stereotyped motor phenomena, is common in the newborn. There is at present very little information on which clinicians can base a rational decision about treatment which is often ineffective and does not alter neurodevelopmental outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding investigation, treatment and prognosis of neonatal seizures.
Methods of clinical neurophysiology are of little use for the diagnosis of headache disorders. They are, however, invaluable tools for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of functional headaches. They are traumatic, able to explore simple or more complex neural activities, and to some extent capable of reflecting activity in certain neurotransmitter systems as well as the action of pharmacologic agents on the CNS. This article reviews the interest and limits of electroencephalography, evoked potentials, electromyography, and nocifensive reflexes in primary headaches. Because neurophysiologic methods are no more than indirect means of looking into the "black box," their results need to be interpreted with caution and, whenever possible, should be compared in the same study with clinical behavioral and biochemical data.
Electrographic recordings from depth and subdural electrodes, performed in two patients with seizures of mesial temporal origin, were analyzed for the presence of non-linearities in the signal. The correlation integral, a measure sensitive to a wide variety of non-linearities, was used for detection. Statistical significance was determined by comparison of the original signal to surrogate datasets. Statistically significant non-linearities were present in signals generated by the epileptogenic hippocampus and interictal spike foci in the temporal neocortex. Less prominent non-linearities were found in EEG signals generated by more normal areas of the brain. These results indicate that techniques developed for the study of non-linear systems can be used to characterize the epileptogenic regions of the brain during the interictal period and can elucidate the dynamical mechanisms of the epileptic transition.