PubMed · 7714967
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R F Labasky. 1995. Neurogenic bladder.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)67434-2
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MBM is a well-established phenomenon in modern medicine. If one accepts a model of mind/body that is truly nondualistic, it could be said that the MBM phenomenon is inherent to medicine. Because of its popularity and efficacy for common chronic conditions, MBM may have its greatest presence in primary care medicine. The flourishing of MBM techniques resulting from the public's enthusiastic embrace of these therapies has created a great need for rigorous scientific examination. The MBM literature may be said to be in its adolescence, having grown out of its early years of enthusiastic case reports and small studies, but not yet fully grown into a broad catalogue of large controlled experimental trials. Nevertheless, clinical trials suggest that certain MBM therapies are effective in improving quality of life, anxiety, and pain intensity for a variety of conditions. There is moderate evidence to suggest these techniques improve chronic pain, headache, insomnia, and other common conditions. There is preliminary evidence to suggest these techniques may affect coronary artery disease and cancer. MBM techniques ultimately may prove to be most effective in combinations or in conjunction with traditional treatment.
On October 6, 2000, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) (formerly the Health Care Financing Administration) issued a national coverage decision for the use of biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence. This decision was the first major health care coverage decision made using CMS's new "open" process. The new process included the use of a panel of physicians to evaluate adequacy of evidence to support the utilization of the modalities. From the very beginning, there were indications that CMS was not favorably disposed toward the use of these modalities, and there was a real threat that coverage could be withdrawn or that no decision would be made. The organized and cohesive response of the health care community influenced CMS to make a positive coverage decision. Through the diligent and tenacious work of a group of nurses called the SUNA/WOCN Continence Coalition, professional organizations and prominent individuals were brought together to approach CMS with one message and one voice.
Studies on the efficacy of available methods of treatment for hemiplegic shoulder pain are reviewed in an attempt to identify the most effective treatment for this problem. Because of the poor quality of the 14 selected studies, no definite conclusion can be drawn about the most effective method of treatment. However, functional electrical stimulation and intra-articular triamcinolone acetonide injections seem to be the most promising treatment options.