PubMed · 7478341
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P Friedman. 1995-10-13. Stroke rehabilitation.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7478341/
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The role of children's activities in leading to pesticide exposure was evaluated by comparing pesticide loadings on the hands of children with the activities of the same children observed over a 4-h period. In all, 10 children ranging in age from 24 to 55 months were videotaped on the second day following a routine professional crack and crevice chlorpyrifos application in their homes. Before and following the video session, the children's hands were rinsed in isopropyl alcohol. Thus, only the chlorpyrifos that accumulated on and remained on the child's hands during the videotaping were removed for analysis after the videotaping session. The rinsate was analyzed for chlorpyrifos. The children's behaviors were quantified using virtual tracking device and the frequency and duration of behaviors, the hourly rate of behaviors, and the locations in which behaviors occurred were compared to hand loadings of pesticides. Pesticide hand loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were associated with pesticide levels on surfaces and toys, but not with air levels. Pesticide loadings obtained following the videotaping sessions were also associated with frequencies, durations, and hourly rates of contact with bottles, and object-to-mouth behaviors, as well as contact duration with upholstered/textured surfaces. The hand loadings were also associated with the number of locations where the children exhibited object-to-mouth behavior and with children's use of house space during the videotaping sessions.
Neuropsychological deficits have been associated with poor community functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Previous research suggests that verbal memory capacity is related to functional capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between verbal memory, problem-solving skills and community functioning, as measured by treatment status (inpatient vs. outpatient) in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Evaluations were done on 162 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, seen in inpatient (n=87) and outpatient settings (n=75). Verbal memory was assessed using narrative recall and list recall measures. Problem-solving skills for independent living were assessed using a social reasoning measure and a daily problem-solving skills measure. Better verbal memory performance was associated with better problem solving for independent living. However, inpatient vs. outpatient status was best determined by problem-solving skills for independent living rather than verbal memory performance. The results reveal the importance of daily problem-solving skills for community status in schizophrenia. Although verbal memory performance is associated with problem-solving skills for independent living, predictive probability of community status does not improve when memory performance is taken into account.
People spend the majority of their time indoors mostly in the domestic environment, where their health may be effected by significant airborne particulate pollution. The indoor/outdoor air quality at six homes in Wales and Cornwall was investigated, based on different locations (urban, suburban, rural) and household characteristics (smokers, non-smokers). The spatial and temporal variations in PM10 mass were monitored for a calendar year, including ambient weather conditions. The activities of individuals within a household were also recorded. Monitoring of PM10 took place inside (kitchen, living room, bedroom) homes, along with concomitant collections outdoors. Samples were subjected to gravimetric analysis to determine PM10 concentrations and examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the types of particles present on the filters. The results of the study show there are greater masses of PM10 indoors, and that the composition of the indoor PM10 is controlled by outdoor sources, and to a lesser extent by indoor anthropogenic activities, except in the presence of tobacco smokers. The indoor and outdoor PM10 collected was characterised as being a heterogeneous mixture of particles (soot, fibres, sea salt, smelter, gypsum, pollen and fungal spores).