PubMed · 7203065
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E M Krisiuk. 1980. [Radioactivity standards for construction materials].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7203065/
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This research was undertaken to address environmental concerns associated with industrial solid waste and to reduce cement consumption in geotechnical engineering. It specifically investigates the feasibility of using steel slag (SS) and silica fume (SF) as partial substitutes for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in soil stabilization. The effects of SS, SF, OPC, and initial moisture content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of stabilized soil were investigated through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that SS and SF can synergistically enhance the strength of stabilized soil, although their interaction effect was not statistically significant within the investigated ranges. Compared with soil stabilized solely with OPC, the addition of 18 % SS and 10 % SF reduced OPC consumption by 3 % without compromising strength. Microstructural and compositional analyses further revealed that SS mainly supplied calcium- and silica-bearing components, while SF provided highly reactive silica and micro-filling effects, jointly promoting hydration reactions and improving the compactness of the stabilized soil matrix. As a result, more hydration products were formed in the OPC/SS/SF-stabilized soil than in the OPC-stabilized soil, which contributed to pore filling and strength enhancement. This study provides useful guidance for the sustainable utilization of industrial solid waste and the low-carbon development of soil stabilization materials.
Our examinations involved 259 workers (46 females and 213 males) manufacturing insulation matting of rockwool and phenol-formaldehyde resin. The control group included 529 people. All of the subjects were patch-tested. The age-adjusted relative risk was used as a measure for evaluating the increase in the incidence of dermatitis and allergy to metals. An atomic absorption method was used to determine metal content in rockwool. Dermatitis was found in every fourth subject examined, oil acne in every tenth subject; 7.3% of the subjects examined were found to be allergy-positive to nickel, 6.9% to chromium, 5.0% to cobalt, 3.1% to formaldehyde, 1.5% to phenol-formaldehyde resin, 0% to phenol. Out of the 39 subjects examined twice (in 1988 and 1990), 5 were found to be allergy-positive to nickel during the second examination. A statistically significant increase in the risk of incidence of occupational dermatitis and allergy to nickel and cobalt was found in people producing insulation products made of rockwool. The latter material was found to contain 200 ppm chromium, 88 ppm nickel and 29 ppm cobalt.
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