PubMed · 6590455
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
1984. 1-Nitropyrene.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6590455/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
In recent years there has been a growing awareness of possible hazards caused by anaesthetic gases in operating theatres. Our study monitored ambient nitrous oxide (N2O) levels in the operating theatres and recovery rooms at the University Hospital in Tromsø. The results show that exposure to waste anaesthetic gases occurs because of leaks in the anaesthetic equipment. The three major sources of leaks are masks, high pressure fittings and exhalation valves. Prevention of leakage from equipment is very important, and a leakage testing programme should be an essential part of the daily control strategy. Good working practices and tracheal intubation results in low exposure to nitrous oxide in the breathing zone of the anesthetic personnel. During mask anaesthesia we have observed nitrous oxide concentrations above 1500 ppm, owing to mask leakage. A closely fitting scavenging mask and good working practices lead to in lower nitrous oxide concentrations. Nitrous oxide exhalation from the patient in the recovery room is only a minor problem.
Many risk assessments for leukemia associated with benzene exposure have been based on the mortality experience of the rubber hydrochloride worker cohort. Although there have been several different historical exposure assessments proposed for this cohort, Paustenbach et al. [1992, J Tox Environ Health], recently published a new historical characterization of benzene exposures based on data previously developed by Rinsky et al. [1981, Am J Ind Med] and further modified by Crump and Allen [1984: OSHA]. Adjustments by Paustenbach et al. in the Rinsky et al. data result in retrospective benzene exposure estimates far greater than those previously reported, by an order of magnitude in many cases. Judgments made on the significance of dermal contact and interpretation of historical measurement data led Paustenbach et al. to arrive at exposure estimates for this cohort that are in conflict with what is known about the adverse effects of benzene exposure. More reasonable estimates for dermal absorption are included in this report that do not substantially affect total estimates of benzene exposure for the cohort. The exposure estimates originally presented in the Rinsky et al. article appear in concordance with data not previously reported in any analyses.
The use of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) as a marker for the occupational exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) mutagens was investigated in workplace atmospheres contaminated with DE from a variety of emission sources, such as power supplies, forklifts, trucks, caterpillar vehicles, trains, ships' engines, and vehicles in city traffic. Total suspended particulate matter was collected by area sampling. The 1-NP content of acetone extracts of these samples as determined by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry varied from 0.080 to 17 micrograms/g acetone extractable matter, corresponding to air concentrations of 0.012 to 1.2 ng/m3. A sample collected in a rural area contained 0.0017 ng/m3 1-NP. The mutagenicity of the extracts was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538, using the microsuspension assay with and without metabolic activation by an exogeneous metabolizing system (rat liver S9-fraction). In addition, the S. typhimurium strains YG1021 and YG1024 were used because of their high sensitivity towards the mutagenicity of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When plotting the mutagenic potency of the air sample extracts as determined in the absence of liver S9 versus the particle-associated 1-NP level, a relatively high correlation (r = 0.80-0.91) was observed in all of the S. typhimurium strains. High correlations (r = 0.80-0.93) were also observed when plotting the results of mutagenicity testing after activation by S9 versus the outcome of chemical analysis. These results show that the 1-NP content of workplace air samples is associated with their mutagenic potency, suggesting that 1-NP may be used as a marker for occupational exposure to DE-derived particle-associated mutagens.