PubMed · 6538288
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D I Margolin. 1984. Visual anomia .... https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.34.3.398
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Poor oral reading in some cases of deep dyslexia could be due to difficulty in inhibiting the phonological lexical entries of words semantically related to the correct reading responses. If this is the case, then additional activation of the correct phonological entries should improve reading performance, whereas additional activation of competing entries should lead to errors. This should hold true for object naming as well as for reading, since both depend on a semantically mediated lexical route. These predictions were borne out with an "output" deep dyslexic patient, who made many semantic errors in both reading and naming. Providing phonetic cues (the initial portions of the correct responses) increased his reading and naming accuracy, and providing miscues (the initial portions of words related semantically to the correct responses) led to errors. Furthermore, when the patient was shown a printed word or pictured object and the examiner spoke a correct reading or naming response in isolation, the patient almost always accepted the response as correct, but he also judged that many semantically related foils were correct. Finally, a comparison of reading and naming errors suggested that "visual" errors may sometimes have a phonological basis.
A patient is described with severe anomia who produces verbs significantly better than nouns in action/object naming tasks, but who also has difficulty comprehending and producing semantically reversible sentences. This pattern differs from the frequently-reported association of symptoms involving relative verb/noun retrieval and sentence processing: impaired verb retrieval is typically associated with poor sentence processing, and preserved verb retrieval with spared sentence processing. Brain imaging reveals areas of cerebral ischemia in portions of the, territories supplied by the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries. An earlier ischemic episode and extensive cortical collateral circulation are hypothesized to have contributed to this unusual pattern of left cerebral hemisphere damage. The previously-reported association of symptoms that dissociated in this patient was interpreted as reflecting a hemodynamically-influenced probability of joint involvement of neuroanatomical regions subserving functionally distinct aspects of language processing.
The case of a patient with selective left hemispheric medial and lateral temporal lobe damage is described. The patient was of slightly supra-average intelligence and had no problems in normal memory functions, but was severely anomic with respect to people's names. One month post-onset, this deficit held for names of colleagues and friends she had gotten to know during the last 10 years prior to the infarct and for all names confronted with post-infarct. On the other hand, learning of face-name associations was preserved and was independent of the ability to generate context-specific information for the subjects whose names were requested. The results support the existence of category-specific naming impairments, and, moreover, indicate a deficit that has to be differentiated with regard to memory systems. A time-limited, but prolonged engagement of interconnected left medial and adjacent lateral temporal lobe structures in ecphory is stressed for context-restricted information such as proper names.