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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergens of domestic dust. III. Comparison of the cutaneous responses to an extract of total dust, to an extract of D. pteronyssinus and to an extract of dissacharinized dust].

A study of the coefficient of correlation has been made, based on cutaneous response and by intradermal means, between household dust from Barcelona diluted to a strength of 1/1,000 and an extract of D. Pteronyssinus and its medium of culture, diluted to a strength of 1/1,000,000. This study was effected to a group of thirty-three children with allergic asthma, sensitive to household dust, with a resultant value of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001). In the same way, thirty-six children with the same characteristics, the correlations between the same extracts and an extract of dust without mites has been studied. Using Spiekma's technic, this dust was obtained through successive sifts gathered in a case under the inferior sifter. Of the mentioned dust, two equal fractions were made, one to confirm the absence of mites (Spiekma's technique) and the other to realize the extract, preparing the dilutions 1/1,000 and 1/1,000,000. With the dilution 1/1,000, the value is r = 1 (p less than 0.001) for the domestic dust and of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001) for the D. Pteronyssinus. In sixteen of the above mentioned children, the study was repeated with the same extract, using the dilution of 1/1,000,000, and the values obtained were of r for household dust of 0.004 (p less than 0.55) and for D. Pteronyssinus of 0.016 (p less than 0.55). In twenty-one of these children, unmited dust and the extract of the way of cultivation (9 parts of human skin scales and 1 part of Sacharomyces) was compared, both diluted to 1/1,000. The value obtained was of r = 0.89 (p less than 0.001). Taking these results into consideration, it seems that D. Pteronyssinus is the most powerful allergene of dust, but the possible role of fecal pellets, product of mite excretion and of human skin scales should be considered as minor allergenes. The human skin scales emphasize their role in this case, and even though good correlation is obtained, we need to use concentrations a thousand times bigger than the D. Pteronyssinus. One can think of it being the same antigen, but the study made previously between uncultivated mites in human skin scales and these in concentrations of the same potence, has been of 0.31, which leads us to think that it is not the same antigene. Finally we consider that in some conditions, it is possible that other antigenes participate in the genesis of dust allergic (fecal pellets, human skin scales), but the antigenic power is very low.

Acari↗
PubMed1990

[Dust levels and dust-induced diseases in the main dust-producing industries].

The data on airborne dust and occupational disease in the main dust-related industries of the People's Republic of Bulgaria are generalized and analyzed for a period of 15 years. In the ore producing industry is established a stability in the concentration of total and respirable dust 1-2 TWA concentrations and decrease of silica content in dust. The highest occupational hazard is registered in diggers. The levels of TWA total and respirable dust and silica concentrations in the other underground mines as well as in the overground industries are strongly variable and high. Silicosis is still in the first place among dust-related diseases, but mainly among miners of advanced age. The newly detected other pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, mixed pneumoconiosis are already more than the cases of silicotuberculosis. An essential part is taken by the newly detected diffusive pneumosclerosis and dust bronchitis. The distribution of the newly detected occupational lung diseases is studied according to branches of industry.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1992

Dust from carpeted and smooth floors. V. Cat (Fel d I) and mite (Der p I and Der f I) allergen levels in school dust. Demonstration of the basophil histamine release induced by dust from classrooms.

Sixty dust samples from schools in Norway were analysed for major allergens from cat and mite after sampling with the regularly used vacuum cleaners for 5 days and with a new model vacuum cleaner for 10 days, respectively. The major feline allergen Felis domesticus allergen I (Fel d I) was detected in all the classrooms, with ranges from 12 to 16,840 ng/m2 floor area. The mean Fel d I concentration was about 11 times higher per unit area carpeted floors as compared with smooth floors after the 10 days sampling period. Mite allergens Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen I (Der p I) and Dermatophagoides farinae allergen I (Der f I) were detected in very low concentrations, with ranges from < 1 ng to 104 ng/m2 floor area. These findings suggest that the school is a protective environment against mite infestation, while the prevalence of cat allergens in classrooms seems higher than previously assumed. Basophil histamine release was measured after provocation with 20 dust extracts from 10 different schools. In nine of the 10 schools examined, the basophil histamine release caused by challenge with carpet dust was higher than the corresponding release with smooth floor dust. The calculated floor areas in each school in which dust led to 15% histamine release were from 2 to 55 times larger for smooth floors compared with carpeted floors. These results emphasize previous findings regarding higher allergen concentrations in classrooms with carpeted floors.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

[Dust lung or dust-induced lung disease ( discussion on chronic dust-induced lung disease)].

The comment on the article by D. M. Zislin (Occupational Hygiene and Industrial Diseases, 1988, N 10) is presented. Proceeding from the author's own experience and literary data, the main statement of D. M. Zislin disputing the concept of dust pulmonary disease (DPD) in the modern occupational pulmonology, is analyzed. The common cause of pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis has been identified as fibrogenic dust, allergic, carcinogenic and toxic characteristics of which can be only condition affecting the disease clinical character. The article shows that neither generality, nor the differences in the functional changes of external respiration can serve as a convincing argument for or against the existence of the concept of DPD. Modern histomorphologic studies give evidence that low-fibrogenic dusts practically simultaneously cause the onset of the pathologic process both in the interstitial tissue and in the bronchi, the outcome of the process being diffuse pneumosclerosis. The concept of DPD caused by low-fibrogenic dusts has been substantiated on the basis of common etiology and similar pathogenetic, clinical and functional manifestations.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1986

Dust exposure, dust recovered from the lung, and associated pathology in a group of British coalminers.

The relation between dust exposure, retained lung dust, and pneumoconiosis have been examined in 430 dead coalminers who had participated in a large scale epidemiological survey of respiratory health. The men were divided into three groups depending on the presence of particular lesions in their lungs. Lungs containing no fibrotic lesions in excess of 1 mm were included in the "M" group, those with fibrotic lesions of between 1 mm and 9 mm in diameter were included in the "F" group, and those with any lesion 10 mm or more were categorised as having progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). The men were further divided into four groups according to the rank of coal mined at the colliery of employment. The mean weight of lung dust increased over the pathological range (M----F----PMF) regardless of the rank of coal mined. The men with PMF had not received unusually high exposures to dust in life but were found to have accumulated more dust in their lungs per unit of dust exposure than men without PMF, providing further evidence for differences in the patterns of deposition or clearance, or both, of dust in these men compared with those who do not develop PMF. For men who had mined the higher rank coals there was no difference in the composition of the lung dust between the pathological groups. Lungs from men mining low rank coal, however, showed a striking increase in the proportion of ash over the pathological groups (M, F, and PMF). In men who had mined low rank coal the proportion of ash in the airborne dust to which they had been exposed and in the dust retained in their lungs was, as expected, greater than in men who had worked with higher rank coals. For the same men, and particularly associated with the presence of some dust related fibrosis, the proportion of ash in retained dust was higher than that in the dust to which the men were exposed suggesting the occurrence of selective deposition or retention of the mineral components of dust in this group.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Carbohydrate and protein contents of grain dusts in relation to dust morphology.

Grain dusts contain a variety of materials which are potentially hazardous to the health of workers in the grain industry. Because the characterization of grain dusts is incomplete, we are defining the botanical, chemical, and microbial contents of several grain dusts collected from grain elevators in the Duluth-Superior regions of the U.S. Here, we report certain of the carbohydrate and protein contents of dusts in relation to dust morphology. Examination of the gross morphologies of the dusts revealed that, except for corn, each dust contained either husk or pericarp (seed coat in the case of flax) fragments in addition to respirable particles. When viewed with the light microscope, the fragments appeared as elongated, pointed structures. The possibility that certain of the fragments within corn, settled, and spring wheat were derived from cell walls was suggested by the detection of pentoses following colorimetric assay of neutralized 2 N trifluoroacetic acid hydrolyzates of these dusts. The presence of pentoses together with the occurrence of proteins within water washings of grain dusts suggests that glycoproteins may be present within the dusts. With scanning electron microscopy, each dust was found to consist of a distinct assortment of particles in addition to respirable particles. Small husk fragments and "trichome-like" objects were common to all but corn dust.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

[Does the average dust concentration modify the critical dust dose leading to silicosis?].

This article is based on the established fact that there is a relationship between the probability of the occurrence of silicosis and the inhaled amount of dust, the latter being represented by the concept of "dust dose" which is a product of dust concentration multiplied by the period of exposure. On investigating the "dust dose" values in 179 former coal miners in the East German town of Zwickau, however, we found that the "dust dose" principle does not apply to low to medium dust concentrations. We can now outline our idea of the origin and development of silicosis as follows: Below an initial threshold value of the "dust dose" it is improbable that silicosis will develop. Beyond that value, i.e. at medium dust concentrations, the time that elapses between the beginning of exposure and the onset of the disease is constant, namely, 20 years. However, the "dust dose" values that trigger the disease vary greatly. For dust concentrations beyond a second threshold value matters are as originally expected: the dust dose being constant, the disease will set in the earlier, the higher the dust concentration. To visualize these effects, a smoothing mathematical evaluation method was combined with a variant of the t test.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evolution of efficient methods to sample lead sources, such as house dust and hand dust, in the homes of children.

Efficient sampling methods to recover lead-containing house dust and hand dust have been evolved so that sufficient lead is collected for analysis, and to ensure that correlational analyses linking these two parameters to blood lead are not dependent on the efficiency of sampling. Precise collection of loose house dust from a 1-unit area (484 cm2) with a Tygon or stainless steel sampling tube connected to a portable sampling pump (1.2 to 2.5 liters/min) required repetitive sampling (three times). The Tygon tube sampling technique for loose house dust less than 177 microns in diameter was around 72% efficient with respect to dust weight and lead collection. A representative house dust contained 81% of its total weight in this fraction. A single handwipe for applied loose hand dust was not acceptably efficient or precise, and at least three wipes were necessary to achieve recoveries of greater than 80% of the lead applied. House dusts of different particle sizes less than 246 microns adhered equally well to hands. Analysis of lead-containing material usually required at least three digestions/decantations using hot plate or microwave techniques to allow at least 90% of the lead to be recovered. It was recommended that other investigators validate their handwiping, house dust sampling, and digestion techniques to facilitate comparison of results across studies. The final methodology for the Cincinnati longitudinal study was three sampling passes for surface dust using a stainless steel sampling tube; three microwave digestions/decantations for analysis of dust and paint; and three wipes with handwipes with one digestion/decantation for the analysis of six handwipes together.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cross-reacting and species-specific determinants on a major allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae: development of a radioimmunoassay for antigen P1 equivalent in house dust and dust mite extracts.

Two species of mites of the genus Dermatophagoides are common in house dust and make a major contribution to the allergen content of house dust. As judged by skin tests and the radioallergosorbent test, these mites, D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, demonstrate extensive cross-reactivity. When the major allergen from D. pteronyssinus, antigen P1, was compared with the equivalent allergen from D. farinae, these two proteins were found to have both species-specific and common antigenic determinants. With specifically purified antibodies directed against the common determinants, we developed a radioimmunoassay for these antigen P1 equivalent proteins in mite extracts as well as house dust extracts. The quantity of allergen in dust from 63 houses (255 samples) was measured, and values ranged from less than 100 to greater than 100,000 ng/gm of fine dust. The correlation between antigen P1 equivalent (ng/gm) and the number of mites per gram of dust (identified by microscopy) was very good (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001). Furthermore, this correlation was not affected by the species of mite in the dust sample. Of 9243 mites identified, 95% were of the genus Dermatophagoides, and of these, 16.4% and 18% could be positively identified as D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. When the assay for antigen P1 equivalent was applied to isolated components of mite cultures of both species, significant allergen was found in the mite bodies, cuticles, and their excreta (fecal particles). For the house-dust samples, less than 10% of the allergen measured could be explained by the allergen content of mite bodies. Our results demonstrate that a radioimmunoassay for antigen P1 equivalent can provide an accurate and simple means of assessing the quantity of mite-derived allergen in dust-mite extracts, house-dust extracts, or house dust.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal variation in dust mite and grass-pollen allergens in dust from the houses of patients with asthma.

In order to study seasonal variation in dust-mite allergen, we obtained dust samples from bedding, carpet, and/or sofas in 12 houses in central Virginia, monthly, for 1 year. The houses included those of nine patients with asthma of whom six were allergic to dust mites. Dust samples were assayed with an inhibition radioimmunoassay for mite allergen that detects cross-reacting determinants on Der f and Der p I from Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. The results are expressed as micrograms of antigen P1 equivalent (AgP1Eq). The results demonstrate that large seasonal variations in allergen, i.e., more than twentyfold, can occur in dust from all sites and are not restricted to the houses of allergic patients. However, dust from some sites, particularly sofas, remained "high" (greater than 10 micrograms AgP1Eq per gram), whereas dust from other sites remained "low" (less than 1 microgram AgP1Eq per gram) throughout the year. Levels of mite allergen generally started to rise in July about 1 month after the rise in humidity. In August to December, the mean levels of AgP1Eq in house dust were highly significantly increased relative to April to May. In keeping with this finding, in 31 of 37 sites, the highest level for the year was observed in August through December. In four sites, mite bodies were counted, and the numbers increased sharply in June to July; however, they decreased in September in parallel with falls in humidity but several months before the fall in mite allergen. Ryegrass-pollen allergen in 12 sites was also assayed in house dust, and pollen-allergen levels demonstrated a sharp increase in May or June that fell back to preseason values within 2 months. Dust was also obtained from the houses of 50 patients with acute or severe asthma. The results on these samples suggest that mite-allergic patients are more likely to have attacks in the fall at a time when their houses have greater than 10 micrograms AgP1Eq per gram of dust. The magnitude of changes observed seasonally within individual houses and of differences between houses within a close geographic area suggests that interpretation of the relationship between allergic symptoms and mite-allergen exposure will require measurement of mite-allergen levels in individual houses.

Asthma↗
PubMed1987

Children's blood lead and exposure to lead in household dust and water--a basis for an environmental standard for lead in dust.

Good quantitative evidence on the role of lead in household dust as a source of exposure to children has been lacking. A study of 495 children in Edinburgh, Scotland shows a significant relationship between lead in dust vacuumed from the floors of the children's homes and their blood lead levels. A multiple regression analysis incorporating drinking water and household dust estimates that a 1,000 micrograms g-1 increase in dust lead concentration would increase blood lead by 1.9 micrograms dl-1, for a child with the median population blood lead of 10.1 micrograms dl-1. Dust lead concentration is a more useful predictor of blood lead than lead loading. The sanding or blow-lamp stripping of old paint is found to be an important source of the higher household dust lead concentrations. Finally, the dust lead-blood lead relationship is used to derive a standard for lead in house dust, as no such standard exists for this exposure route.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Organic dust toxic syndrome: an acute febrile reaction to organic dust exposure distinct from hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Organic dust toxic syndrome is a term recently coined to describe a noninfectious, febrile illness associated with chills, malaise, myalgia, a dry cough, dyspnea, headache and nausea which occurs after heavy organic dust exposure. Organic dust toxic syndrome shares many clinical features with acute farmer's lung and other forms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, including the presence of increased numbers of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. However, organic dust toxic syndrome differs from acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in several respects: the chest X-ray does not show infiltrates, severe hypoxemia does not occur, prior sensitization to antigens in the organic dust is not required and there are no known sequelae of physiological significance, such as the recurrent attacks and the pulmonary fibrosis which may be seen with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Organic dust toxic syndrome is thought to be much more common than farmer's lung. It is important for clinical and investigational purposes that organic dust toxic syndrome be distinguished from acute farmer's lung.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Further studies in allergenic identity between house dust and the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961.

The sera from 99 Japanese asthmatic subjects were studied for the allergenic similarity between house dust and the House-dust Mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961. A close correlation (correlation coefficient 0.92, P less than 0.01) was obtained between house dust and the mite with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). High correlation was not noted between house dust and other allergens such as smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Aspergillus, book lice, Liposcelis bostricophilus, Cheyletus malaccensis and Tribolium confusum. IgE antibody to the mite reduced significantly after the incubation of the sera with house dust and IgE antibody to house dust reduced markedly after the incubation of the sera with the mite. These results further support the view that the mite is the most important allergenic component in house dust.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dust and microbial content in a horse stable during the use of a dust-binding agent].

Dust in horse barns is assumed to contribute to pulmonary disease, it is attempted to reduce the airborne dust by soaking or sprinkling the hay before feeding. Both means cause considerable efforts and increase the relative humidity of the air. This is why a commercial dust-binding agent (Revesto pur) was used in a pilot investigation which was carried out during 2 weeks - one week for control and one week using the agent - in a private horse barn where three horses were regularly stable. The airborne dust was measured by a continuously working instrument. Once a day (7.00 a.m.) the number of airborne germs was estimated. The dust is reduced to 0.03 mg/m3 during the night, (8.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.), as compared to the control (0.05 mg/m3). However, the total dust content during 24 h increases after spraying with the aid of the instruments supplied by the manufacturer to 0.12 mg/m3 (control 0.07 mg/m3). The airborne germs show a decreasing tendency after application of the agent. The use of the sprayers is very time-consuming, their use inside of the barn obviously increases the particles in the air. Thus, it seems advisable to spray outside of the stable. Further investigations are necessary in order to evaluate whether the reduction of the dust during night which was indicated in this study may have a positive clinical effect.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1992

Dust exposure and pneumoconiosis in a South African pottery. 1. Study objectives and dust exposure.

Dust exposure and pneumoconiosis were investigated in a South African pottery that manufactured wall tiles and bathroom fittings. This paper describes the objectives of the investigation and presents dust measurement data. x Ray diffraction showed that the clays used by the pottery had a high quartz content (range 58%-23%, mean 38%). Exposure to respirable dust was measured for 43 workers and was highest (6.6 mg/m3) in a bathroom fitting fettler. Quartz concentrations in excess of 0.1 mg/m3 were found in all sections of the manufacturing process from slip production to biscuit firing and sorting. The proportion of quartz in the respirable dust of these sections was 24% to 33%. This is higher than is usually reported in English potteries. Four hundred and six (80%) of the 509 workers employed at the pottery were potentially at risk of occupational lung disease. The finding of large numbers of pottery workers exposed to unacceptable dust concentrations is not surprising as poor dust control was found in all six wall tile and sanitary ware factories surveyed by the National Centre for Occupational Health between 1973 and 1989. Dust related occupational disease can be expected in potters for many years to come.

Air↗
PubMed1992

How relevant are house dust mite-fungal interactions in laboratory culture to the natural dust system?

Both house dust and house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus contained a wider range of fungi than laboratory mite cultures. In total, nine species of fungi were isolated from D. pteronyssinus in house dust, and these included three xerophilic species (Eurotium amstelodami, Aspergillus penicillioides and Wallemia sebi) commonly found in laboratory cultures of D. pteronyssinus. It is concluded that mites do interact with a similar range of fungi in natural dust and in laboratory culture, but that the diversity of fungal species in the laboratory is reduced and the density of individual fungal species in culture exceeds that of house dust. In a second experiment, dust samples were incubated at room temperature with 75% relative humidity. The diversity of fungi invariably declined from up to 13 genera to the few species recorded in laboratory culture. This suggests that the dominance of xerophilic fungi in laboratory mite rearings is mediated primarily by low relative humidity, and the exclusion of air-borne spores.

Air Microbiology↗