PubMed · 5643975
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F C George, V Thomas. 1968. Urinalysis by multiple strip testing.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5643975/
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BACKGROUND: A minority of blood donors are Rh(D)-negative, and Rh(D)-negative red blood cell (RBC) products are often overutilized. As such, Rh(D)-negative RBCs may be difficult to maintain in blood bank inventory. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We changed our blood bank laboratory policy to approve non-alloimmunized Rh(D)-negative patients to receive Rh(D)-positive RBCs for routine transfusion under defined criteria. Those criteria included Rh(D)-negative males (all ages) and females (aged >50 years) who were designated as do not resuscitate (DNR), either with or without intubation, in the electronic medical record. RESULTS: From August 15, 2024 through August 15, 2025, a total of 204 Rh(D)-negative patients met the above criteria and were approved to receive routine Rh(D)-positive RBC transfusions. Within that group, 23 patients received Rh(D)-positive RBCs. The remaining patients either did not require transfusion or were issued Rh(D)-negative RBC units. Since implementing this practice, a total of 68 Rh(D)-negative units were conserved during this time frame. Notably, 28 of the 68 units (41%) were type O, Rh(D)-negative. DISCUSSION: Rh(D)-positive RBCs can be routinely given to non-alloimmunized Rh(D)-negative patients who are not at risk for developing hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). By creating clear guidelines for the routine administration of Rh(D)-positive RBCs to patients who are not at risk for HDFN, the inventory of Rh(D)-negative RBC units can be directed to those patients who would most benefit from this limited resource.
The feasibility of quantifying sodium and potassium in single human erythrocytes was demonstrated by spectrochemical analysis of emissions from plasmas produced by 193-nm laser ablation of blood cells confined in a sheath flow. In one scheme, single blood cells that happened to be in the ablation volume were sampled. In another scheme, individual blood cells were first sighted and then synchronously ablated downstream. Plasma emission spectra of single ablated cells were captured, and the ratios of the analyte line intensity to the root-mean-square fluctuation of the continuum background were measured to be about 18 for sodium and 30 for potassium.
The porphyrias are diseases due to marked deficiencies of enzymes of the haem biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 1). Except for the first enzyme of the pathway, delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), deficiencies in seven other enzymes are associated with the various forms of porphyria (Fig. 2). Porphyrias can be classified as either hepatic or erythroid, depending on the major site of production of porphyrins or their precursors. The pathogenesis of all inherited porphyrias has now been defined at the molecular level, and it is clear that there is a great deal of genetic heterogeneity in each porphyria [1].