PubMed · 5477237
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G L Féofilov, V P Ossipov. [Tracheal bronchi].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5477237/
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ANATOMIC DEFINITION: Bronchiolitis is an inflammatory condition of the small airways, membranous and respiratory bronchioles. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The lesions result from exogenous or endogenous aggression of the epithelium. The inflammatory reactions caused by this aggression may regress spontaneously or after treatment or may progress to fibrosis. HISTOLOGIC ASPECTS: Obliterating bronchiolitis is the best understood form. There are two types: polypoid obliterating bronchiolitis and constrictive bronchiolitis. This latter form is the only one which causes an obstructive syndrome. Other histological forms have been described. PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Certain lesions have particular morphological features allowing their identification (smokers bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis) and others occur in classical associations (rheumatoid polyarthritis, chronic lung graft rejection). In many cases however, the lesions are relatively monomorphous and result from many different causes. Rigorous comparison between pathological findings and the clinical presentation is needed to classify these types and integrate them into a particular context.
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase is activated by various stresses; however, little is known about cold stress which has been shown to cause various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we examined the effect of cold stimulation on interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and a role of p38 MAP kinase in IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) in order to clarify the mechanism in hypothermic temperature-induced inflammation. The results showed that cold stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase but not IL-8 expression. IL-8 expression in BEC was induce when the temperature of incubation changed from 1 degree C to 37 degrees C (cooling and rewarming). The specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580 inhibited cooling and rewarming-induced IL-8 expression, indicating that cooling and rewarming-induced IL-8 expression in BEC was mediated through p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway.