PubMed · 5366316
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J R Simon, A M Small. 1969. Processing auditory information: interference from an irrelevant cue.. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028034
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Assistive technology involving voice communication is used primarily by people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or who have speech and/or language disabilities. It is also used to a lesser extent by people with visual or motor disabilities. A very wide range of devices has been developed for people with hearing loss. These devices can be categorized not only by the modality of stimulation [i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, or direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve (auditory-neural)] but also in terms of the degree of speech processing that is used. At least four such categories can be distinguished: assistive devices (a) that are not designed specifically for speech, (b) that take the average characteristics of speech into account, (c) that process articulatory or phonetic characteristics of speech, and (d) that embody some degree of automatic speech recognition. Assistive devices for people with speech and/or language disabilities typically involve some form of speech synthesis or symbol generation for severe forms of language disability. Speech synthesis is also used in text-to-speech systems for sightless persons. Other applications of assistive technology involving voice communication include voice control of wheelchairs and other devices for people with mobility disabilities.
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The identification of stationary vowels in influenced by the change in relations of formant amplitudes as if their "centre gravity" is used in phoneme decision. That is valid for formants spaced in critical frequency band equal approximately 3.5 Bark. The hypothesis about large-scale spectral integration in auditory system is based on this effect. The data obtained supports the hypothesis in respect to non-stationary sounds, too. Imitation of the large-scale spectral integration on the model of auditory processing suggests that the frequency band of the integration may be equal to 3.5 Bark.