PubMed · 5196819
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N I Bergstrom. 1969. [Ice application to induce voiding].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5196819/
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This Account describes the near-UV and visible luminescences emitted from crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous ices as a result of excitation by UV light. Vibrationally resolved, short-lived luminescence around 340 nm arises from excited O(2) formed by the reaction of two O atoms. Long-lived luminescence around 420 nm is tentatively assigned to a spin-forbidden (4)sigma(-) --> X(2)Pi transition of OH. This Account gives a history of the research into this little-known phenomenon, places it in the context of other spectroscopic studies of gaseous and solid water, and proposes future directions for the work.
A comparison of laboratory spectra with Galileo data indicates that hydrated sulfuric acid is present and is a major component of Europa's surface. In addition, this moon's visually dark surface material, which spatially correlates with the sulfuric acid concentration, is identified as radiolytically altered sulfur polymers. Radiolysis of the surface by magnetospheric plasma bombardment continuously cycles sulfur between three forms: sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur polymers, with sulfuric acid being about 50 times as abundant as the other forms. Enhanced sulfuric acid concentrations are found in Europa's geologically young terrains, suggesting that low-temperature, liquid sulfuric acid may influence geological processes.