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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Clustering of ice nucleation protein correlates with ice nucleation activity.

Antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide specifically detect ice nucleation proteins from Pseudomonas species in Western blots. In immunofluorescent staining of whole bacteria, the antibodies reveal the protein in clusters, as indicated by patches of intense fluorescence in Escherichia coli cells heterologously expressing Pseudomonas ice nucleation genes. The abundance, size, and brightness of the clusters vary considerably from cell to cell. Their varying sizes may explain the variability in activity of bacterial ice nuclei. Growth at lower temperatures produces more ice nuclei, and gives brighter and more frequent patches, than growth at 37 degrees C. The observed clustering may thus reflect formation of functional ice nucleation sites in vivo. The presence of ice nucleation protein in clusters is also correlated with alterations in cell morphology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Lactose digestion from flavored and frozen yogurts, ice milk, and ice cream by lactase-deficient persons.

Lactose digestion from and tolerance to flavored and frozen yogurts, ice cream, and ice milk were evaluated (20 g lactose/meal) in lactase-deficient subjects by use of breath hydrogen techniques. Unflavored yogurt caused significantly less hydrogen production than milk (37 vs 185 delta ppm X h, n = 9). Flavored yogurt was intermediate (77 delta ppm X h). Subjects were free of symptoms after consuming flavored and unflavored yogurts. Of seven commercial yogurts tested, all contained significant levels of microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). In addition, eight subjects were fed meals of milk, ice milk, ice cream, and frozen yogurts with and without cultures containing high levels of beta-gal. Peak hydrogen excretion after consumption of frozen yogurt with high beta-gal was less than one-half of that observed after the other five test meals and intolerance symptoms were absent. Tolerance to frozen yogurt, produced under usual commercial procedures, was found to be similar to that of ice milk and ice cream.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An ice nucleation active gene of Erwinia ananas. Sequence similarity to those of Pseudomonas species and regions required for ice nucleation activity.

The ice nucleation active gene, inaA, of Erwinia ananas IN-10 has been sequenced. This gene encodes a protein composed of 1322 amino acid residues. The inaA protein contains a 1120-residue segment consisting of 70 repeats of closely related 16 amino acid motifs (R-domain), which is flanked by N- and C-terminal sequences (N- and C-domains, respectively). Its primary structure is similar to, but not identical with, those of Pseudomonas inaW and inaZ gene products. By truncating the inaA gene to various extents, it was found that deletion of the C-domain resulted in complete loss of the ice nucleation activity, whereas removal of the N-domain led to a moderate decrease in the activity. Complete loss of the activity was also observed when the N-domain plus a large part of the P-domain were deleted. It is suggested that the C-domain is required for the assembly of inaA protein to form a functional ice nucleus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Laboratory and on-ice test comparisons of anaerobic power of ice hockey players.

The suitability of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT40) as a laboratory measure of anaerobic capacity (AnCap) and power (AnPow) of ice hockey players was tested against the Reed Repeat Sprint Skate-RSS (1979) and the Sargeant Anaerobic Skate (SAS40). Twenty-four university and Junior A players (20.2 +/- 1.6 years), assigned by random draw, performed the three tests over a seven day period. Blood lactate taken from an unwarmed finger tip was used to assess work intensity. The AnCap (7.7 +/- 0.2 Watts X kg-1) and AnPow (10.1 +/- 0.2 Watts X kg-1) for WAT40 were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than for RSS (AnCap 9.3 +/- 0.8 Watts X kg-1; AnPow 11.5 +/- 1.1 Watts X kg-1) and SAS40 (AnCap 9.7 +/- 0.8 Watts X kg-1; AnPow 11.9 +/- 1.8 Watts X kg-1). SAS40 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than RSS for both AnCap and AnPow. The RSS (r = 0.96; ME 4.5%) and SAS40 (r = 0.97; ME = 3.6%) showed excellent test-retest reliability and reproducibility for AnCap but were only fair on AnPow (RSS: r = 0.73; ME = 10.7%; SAS40: r = 0.65; ME = 18.4%). While the correlations among the tests (AnCap: SAS40 vs WAT40, r = 0.73; RSS vs WAT40, r = 0.69) were significant (p less than 0.05), the highest predictive capability estimate (r2) was only 53.3%. The correlations for blood lactates (WAT40: 10.8 +/- 1.5 mmol X l-1; SAS40: 10.7 +/- 1.9 mmol X l-1; RSS: 11.5 +/- 1.6 mmol X l-1) were not significant. Based upon the particular protocol used, the laboratory test WAT40 does not demonstrate a high relationship with on-ice measures of AnCap and AnPow in this group of ice hockey players.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of the effectiveness of wet ice, dry ice, and cryogenic packs in reducing skin temperature.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of wet ice (WI), dry ice (DI), and cryogenic packs (CGPs) to reduce and maintain the reduction of skin temperature directly under the cooling agent and to determine whether the cooling effect on skin extended beyond the surface area in contact with the cooling agent. Ten female volunteers participated in the study, and each of the three cold modalities was applied randomly to the skin overlying the right triceps surae muscle. After 15 minutes of cold application, mean skin temperatures recorded under WI, DI, and CGP decreased 12 degrees, 9.9 degrees, and 7.3 degrees C, respectively. The only significant differences in cooling were between WI and DI and between WI and CGP. Fifteen minutes after removal of the cold modalities, no significant differences were found in mean skin temperature between WI, DI, and CGP. The residual mean decrease in skin temperature between the pretreatment rest interval (time 0) and 15 minutes after removal of the cold modality (time 30) was significant for WI only. No cooling was demonstrated 1 cm proximal or distal to any of the cooling agents after 15 minutes of cold application. These findings provide valuable information for the use of cryotherapy in the clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence, nature, and causes of ice hockey injuries. A three-year prospective study of a Swedish elite ice hockey team.

In this prospective study, we have investigated incidence of injuries of different severity, types of injury, and mechanisms of injury during ice hockey practice and games. One Swedish elite hockey team was closely observed during three seasons (1982 to 1985). There was a total number of 95 injuries and 29 facial lacerations. The majority of injuries were minor (73%) and only 8% were classified as major. Seventy-six percent of the injuries occurred during games and 24% during practice. The incidence of injury during practice was 1.4 per 1,000 player-practice hours and 78.4 per 1,000 player-game hours. In comparison with other sports, the incidence of injury during hockey practice is very low, while that during games is high. Eighty percent of the injuries were caused by trauma and 20% by overuse. The most common types of injury were contusions, strains, and sprains. Complete tear of the medial collateral ligament of the knee was the most common severe injury. Most injuries resulted from body contact, predominantly tackling (checking), and from puck or stick contact. A reduction of the number of minor and moderate injuries should be possible by stricter enforcement of the hockey rules, especially against stick violations, and more widespread use of visors.

Adult↗