PubMed · 4928634
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L Lisá. 1971. [Renal osteodystrophy].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4928634/
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Nowadays it is difficult to recognise and separate the various syndromes. The geneticists and the morphologists often change the classification of syndromes. The problem may be caused by a new case of a known syndrome, when new symptoms are described among the known ones. Then it is not sure, if a new syndrome discovered or it is a more complicated variation of an already known syndrome. To emphasise and exemplify the difficulties of syndrome identification 5 patients are presented and analysed: on with anadysplasia, two with cleidocranial dysplasia and a sibling pair with Larsen syndrome. It is concluded that no new syndrome could be described, and in a similar context, the definition of several new syndromes is not justified. The classification of syndromes based on bone disorders must be modified in order to fit the Genetic Classification easier and more clearly.
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collectively degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins in chronic inflammation and bone-destructive lesions. This study examined the ability of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells, typically present in sites of chronic inflammation, to express collagenases (MMP-8 and -13) in vivo and in vitro. Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and heparin with the tumour promoter or cytokines potently enhanced (up to nine-fold) MMP-8 and -13 expression by the RPMI 8226 myeloma cell line, as evidenced by western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that plasma cells expressed MMP-8 and -13 focally in periapical granulomas, odontogenic cysts, and malignant plasmacytomas. MMP-8 and MMP-13 from plasma cells can participate in bone organic matrix destruction at sites of chronic inflammation and neoplastic growth. Since MMP-13 was more frequently expressed than MMP-8 in plasma cells of strongly recurring keratocysts and malignant plasmacytomas, it is concluded that plasma cell MMP-13 has a particularly important role in benign and malignant bone-destructive lesions.