PubMed · 4584108
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W H Cheong, A H Omar, F L Sta Maria. 1973. Triatomid bugs from Perlis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4584108/
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An integrated selective extraction and size normalisation procedure for use in metal partitioning and diagenetic studies of anoxic sediments and soils is presented. Data obtained by this procedure can readily be combined with other primary data (e.g. sulfur concentrations, carbonate concentrations, cation exchange capacity, etc.) and derived parameters (e.g. degrees of pyritisation and sulfidisation) that enhance interpretation of the behaviour of trace metals in anoxic sediments. Achieving size normalisation during extraction, allows direct comparison of sediments from dissimilar sedimentary environments, and simplifies assessment of the processes that determine whether a sediment is a source of or a sink for trace metals. Aspects of a study of trace metals in sediments from the Brisbane River estuary, Australia, are used to illustrate applications of the integrated procedure.
Attempting to manage the environment as a whole, even from just a scientific standpoint, is not easy. The sheer size and scale can be daunting. It is difficult even to encompass the many facets involved. This short paper therefore attempts to tackle the problem by describing a framework approach which encompasses how one might assess the actual state of the environment at any one time; characterise the ever-changing pressures placed upon it; the manner by which the resultant problems need to be addressed; and thus what sort of responses are required. No system or framework is ever likely to be fully adequate, but some form of framework is essential in order to deliver a more sustainable approach to environmental management than has so far been achieved.
Environmental risk assessment has matured into a powerful analytical tool, which is finding ever-wider applications in the arena of policy making and regulation. However, the principal focus of its development to date has been on the technical challenges of characterising and modelling the environmental behaviour and biological action of chemicals, whereas issues concerning its broader socio-political context have been generally neglected. Problem definition, risk analysis and decision making have, therefore, tended to be dominated by experts and by expert opinion. Fresh insights from the social sciences advocate a pluralistic, inclusive approach, with experts participating alongside other stakeholders in a consensual decision making process. Adoption of this paradigm has far reaching consequences for the form and conduct of risk assessment and risk management.