PubMed · 4313439
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C A Horwitz, M Sinykin. 1970. Pregnancy tests.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4313439/
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The direct agglutination test (DAT) was used to evaluate the serological response of 150 serum samples taken from 15 captive-bred capuchin monkeys Cebus apella. These animals had been experimentally infected with either L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) lainsoni or L. (V.) braziliensis. Monkeys infected with L. (L.) amazonensis or L. (V.) lainsoni were challenged with the homologous parasite one month after their spontaneous cure. DAT antigens were prepared from L. (L.) donovani, L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis. Antigens were difficult to standardise and it was impossible to produce an L. (V.) lainsoni antigen as parasites remained aggregated even after trypsinization. The DAT detected significant humoral responses in all the infected monkeys. Titres were higher when homologous antigens were used, especially in secondary responses. This suggests that homologous antigen should be used to detect antibodies in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
A slide ELISA for canine leishmaniasis was developed by using promastigotes of Leishmania infantum, and compared with microimmunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, direct agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The sensitivity of all the tests was 100 per cent. The specificity of the direct agglutination test was 95 per cent but it was 100 per cent for the three other tests. There was also a positive correlation and a high level of concordance between the titres measured by the different tests.
We compared two tests for bedside C reactive protein (CRP) measurement: the latex agglutination test (LAT) and the fat agglutination test (FAT). FAT is based on the property of CRP to agglutinate fat emulsions in the presence of CaCl2. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FAT and LAT to detect a CRP > 10 mg/l, determined with radial immunodiffusion (n = 500 pediatric patients, CRP range 0- > 80 mg/l), were 91%, 82% and 90% respectively for FAT and 82%, 95% and 85% for LAT. FAT reagent could be stabilized with NaN3 (0.02%) for at least one year, when stored at 4 degrees C (n = 49). NaN3 (0.02%) had no effect on agglutination of FAT (n = 40). In conclusion, in pediatric patients, FAT is a reliable and cost effective alternative to LAT, if serum samples are used.