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PubMed · 42502209

Exercise Snacks Are Feasible to Perform in the Real World and Improve Physical Capacity for Adults Living With Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Trial.

Fiona J Babir·Alexis Marcotte-Chénard·Roderick E Sandilands·Kaja Falkenhain·Noah Mulkewich·Hashim Islam·Seth F McCarthy·Douglas L Richards·Kenneth Madden·Joel Singer·Michael C Riddell·Mary E Jung·Martin J Gibala·Jonathan P Little
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Abstract

AIMS: To investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week remotely-delivered exercise snacks (ES) intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Insufficiently active adults with type 2 diabetes (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;69; 46 females; mean age&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;SD: 58&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;11&#x2009;years) were randomised to an ES or mobility/stretching comparator group (CON), which involved 4&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;1-min bouts of either vigorous or low intensity exercise, respectively, on &#x2265;&#x2009;5&#x2009;days/week. The primary outcome was feasibility based on adherence. Secondary outcomes included exercise enjoyment (1-7 scale), rating of perceived exertion (RPE; 0-10 scale), heart rate (HR), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, 30-s sit-to-stand capacity, grip strength, estimated maximal oxygen uptake, and anthropometrics. RESULTS: Weekly adherence (estimated marginal mean [95% confidence interval]: 18 bouts [16-21] for both groups; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.99) and total enjoyment (ES: 4.5 [4.1-4.8] vs. CON: 4.3 [4.0-4.7]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.64) were high and not different between groups. Despite higher RPE (5.7 [5.4-6.1]) and peak HR (73 [70-77] % of age-predicted HR maximum) in ES versus CON (2.0 [1.7-2.4] and 61 [58-64] % of age-predicted HR maximum, respectively) (all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), there were no between-group differences in the change in any secondary outcome (all p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05) except for greater sit-to-stand capacity in ES after training (between-group effect estimate [95% confidence interval]: 1.9 repetitions [0.3-3.4]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise snacks were feasible to perform in the real world and improved sit-to-stand capacity to a greater extent than CON in adults living with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06407245.

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AgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseExercise TherapyFeasibility StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHand StrengthHeart RateOxygen ConsumptionPatient ComplianceTreatment Outcomeclinical trialexercise interventionrandomised trialreal&#x2010;world evidencetype 2 diabetesJournal ArticleRandomized Controlled Trial

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Fiona J Babir, Alexis Marcotte-Ch&#xe9;nard, Roderick E Sandilands, Kaja Falkenhain, Noah Mulkewich, Hashim Islam, Seth F McCarthy, Douglas L Richards, Kenneth Madden, Joel Singer, Michael C Riddell, Mary E Jung, Martin J Gibala, Jonathan P Little. 2026-07-25. Exercise Snacks Are Feasible to Perform in the Real World and Improve Physical Capacity for Adults Living With Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Trial.. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.71052

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Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial resourceAged subjectClinical Trial subjectDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2 subjectExercise subjectExercise Therapy subjectFeasibility Studies subjectFemale subjectHand Strength subjectHeart Rate subjectHumans subjectJournal Article subjectMale subjectMiddle Aged subjectOxygen Consumption subjectPatient Compliance subject

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