PubMed · 3861579
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M Maillard. 1985-04-04. [Should maximum allowable dosage concern us?].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3861579/
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BACKGROUND: In 1995, Eastman Kodak Company (Rochester, N.Y.) marketed the Ektavision Extraoral Imaging Film and Screen System. It produced high-resolution images by keeping the light emitted by intensifying screens from "punching through" one emulsion layer on the film to another. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the experiment were (1) to compare the sensitometric properties of the Ektavision system to its predecessor, the T-Mat/RA system and (2) to determine whether films and screens of the Ektavision and the T-Mat/RA systems could be interchanged without clinically changing the sensitometric properties. Ektavision and Lanex Regular intensifying screens were used in combination with Ektavision, T-Mat G/RA, T-Mat L/RA, and T-Mat H/RA films. RESULTS: The results showed that the Ektavision film was slightly slower than the T-Mat G/RA film no matter what type of screen was used. The type of screen used had little effect on inherent contrast or exposure latitude. The Ektavision film had approximately similar inherent contrast as the T-Mat G/RA film but less than that of the T-Mat H/RA film; its latitude was less than that of the T-Mat L/RA film. The manufacturer does not recommend combining T-Mat/RA film with Ektavision screens or Lanex Regular screens with Ektavision film because of a possible reduction in image resolution. But this mismatch did not clinically affect inherent contrast and exposure latitude; however, film speed was slightly affected. CONCLUSIONS: The Ektavision system is the result of advanced technology that produces images of high resolution. The high-resolution Ektavision film is slightly slower than the T-Mat G/RA film but is equivalent to it in its contrast and latitude. Therefore when changing from the combination of T-Mat/RA film plus Lanex Regular screens to that of Ektavision film plus Ektavision screens, a slight increase in x-radiation exposure should be made.
Recently, the computer program IMRDEC has been developed to determine the radiation spectra due to a single atomic-subshell ionisation of a stable atom by a particle, or due to the atomic deexcitation or decay of nuclides. The data needed to describe the deexcitation or decay scheme are obtained from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) maintained at Brookhaven National Laboratory; this results in the simplest possible input specification. The atomic data as well as the atomic relaxation probabilities are taken from the Evaluated Atomic Data Library (EADL) from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The program IMRDEC calculates the radiation spectra (inclusively the atomic relaxation cascades) deterministically rather than by the Monte Carlo method; this results in much shorter calculational time per nuclide. Since many assumptions still have to be made in determining the atomic relaxation probabilities and in calculating the atomic relaxation, the deterministic method seems to be a small source of inaccuracy.
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