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PubMed · 367638

Adam Politzer.

E H Majer
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Abstract

Adam Politzer (1835--1920) received his degree as Doctor of Medicine in 1859. His method of tubal inflation of the middle car with the Politzer bag was published in 1863. Together with J. Gruber, he was appointed director of the newly-founded Clinic for Otology of the University of Vienna, the first clinic of its kind in the world. Thousands of doctors from all over the world came to Vienna to attend his advanced training courses. He was aided in his teaching by his textbook, Lehrbuch der Ohrenheilkunde, which was translated into several languages. Under Politzer, Vienna became a Mecca for otologists. In 1893, Politzer demonstrated focal alterations of the otic capsule as being the cause of otosclerosis for the first time. He published 103 scientific papers. During his 46 years of teaching, Politzer transformed otology from a "sterile, hopeless discipline" into an academically recognized specialty.

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Air PressureAustriaEustachian TubeHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyOtolaryngologyOtosclerosisBiographyHistorical ArticleJournal Article

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E H Majer. 1978. Adam Politzer.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00691.x

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Measurement of pulsatile tidal volume, pressure amplitude, and gas flow during high-frequency percussive ventilation, with and without partial cuff deflation.

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PubMed2006

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BACKGROUND: Long-term compliance is suboptimal in the treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OBJECTIVES: We compared the efficacy of and the adherence to automatic continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) and constant continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) based on a night-by-night analysis. METHODS: We performed a randomized, single-blind crossover study in 20 patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS. After diagnostic polysomnography and manual titration, patients were treated for 8 weeks with both constant CPAP and APAP in random order. Compliance and leakage were analyzed night by night using the software LOGSoft of the Magellan iPAP device. RESULTS: The reduction in the apnea/hypopnea index (baseline 32.9 +/- 19.1/h, CPAP 4.6 +/- 2.9/h, APAP 5.6 +/- 3.6/h; p < 0.001 compared to baseline) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (baseline 10.3 +/- 5.7, CPAP 6.6 +/- 4.8, APAP 4.9 +/- 4.6; p < 0.001 compared to baseline) did not significantly differ between the treatment modes. Leakage time and compliance per night were not statistically different (leakage CPAP 31 +/- 57 min, APAP 25 +/- 49 min; compliance CPAP 383 +/- 116 min, APAP 382 +/- 107 min). There was no correlation between leakage and compliance. Thirteen patients (65%) preferred APAP at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment efficacy and adherence are similar with CPAP and APAP. There is a trend towards lower leakage with APAP therapy. Patients prefer the automatic mode to fixed pressure.

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