PubMed · 3389879
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R S Illingworth. 1988. Why irritated?. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.63.5.567
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OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the degree of seasonal changes in eating disorder subtypes in Japan. METHOD: A Japanese version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was mailed to 228 outpatients with eating disorders in Kyoto (latitude 35 degrees 01' N). Ninety responses were analyzed. The mean of the global seasonality score (GSS) in the SPAQ and the comorbidity rate of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal-SAD in each subtype were used as indices of seasonality. RESULTS: The mean (8.2) of the GSS of the bulimia nervosa (BN) group and the sum (43%) of the comorbidity rates of SAD and subsyndromal-SAD in the BN group were significantly higher than those in the nonclinical comparison group. DISCUSSION: The seasonality of BN in Kyoto is the highest among eating disorder subtypes, although lower than that in North America. This finding suggests that light therapy could be useful for Japanese BN patients.
OBJECTIVE: Major depression is a heterogeneous disorder, perhaps comprising several clinical subtypes or subgroups of symptoms. This study examined whether items on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) form distinct symptom subgroups among geriatric depressive patients that might form the basis of new outcome measures for tracking treatment effects. METHOD: The study examined a sample of 225 adults age 59 and older diagnosed with major depression. Factor analysis with oblique rotation was used to analyze baseline MADRS item scores. RESULTS: Three distinct interpretable factors were obtained; all ten items loaded <0.60 on a domain. The first factor, dysphoric apathy/retardation, comprised five items: apparent sadness, reported sadness, lassitude, reduced concentration, and inability to feel. Psychic anxiety, the second factor, included three items: inner tension, pessimistic thoughts, and suicidal thoughts. The third factor, vegetative symptoms, resulted from items involving sleep and appetite. CONCLUSIONS: The study produced three interpretable MADRS factors reflecting geriatric depression dimensions that may be useable to monitor focused treatment outcomes.