PubMed · 2749681
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A Skulberg. 1989-06-30. [Drowning].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2749681/
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A simple and rapid method is described for processing organ and water samples for the identification of diatoms so that they can be studied and recorded for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes. Samples are treated with concentrated nitric acid; the fluid obtained is centrifuged, and its sediment is dried, coated, and examined under the scanning electron microscope. The method does not alter the morphology of diatoms and allows the study of freshwater and seawater species present in the organs of bodies found in the water, making possible the diagnosis of drowning under specific conditions.
Bronchopulmonary aspiration remains a significant threat to the surgical and intensive care unit patient, and mortality rates for this condition remain high. The key to improvement is prevention. However, if aspiration does occur, early recognition and aggressive treatment will produce the best results. Expeditious intubation, ventilation, removal of particulate matter, prevention of atelectasis, institution of antibiotics, and nutritional support are standards of care.
Near drowning remains one of the most frequently encountered environmental injuries in the United States. Physicians can do much to educate their patients on prevention. Both at the scene and in the emergency department, physicians should direct initial attention to aggressive respiratory management, because hypoxia is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in the near-drowning victim. An apparently lifeless victim of cold-water immersion may go on to full recovery with such management. In patients who survive the initial insult, the degree of hypoxic encephalopathy is the major determinant of outcome.