PubMed · 2566814
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M C Latham. 1989-06-03. Ascariasis.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92367-2
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A simple, rapid and reproducible analytical method for thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil (IMA) in citrus fruit and banana has been developed. The method involves the use of an ion-exchange cartridge for sample clean-up followed by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The recoveries of TBZ and IMA from citrus fruits spiked at levels of 10 microgram/g and 5 microgram/g were in the range of 94-98% and 93-98% with coefficients of variation of 0.5-2.2% and 1.6-2.7%, respectively. The recoveries of TBZ and IMA from banana spiked at levels of 3 microgram/g and 2 microgram/g were 94% and 94% with coefficients of variation 1.1% and 4.9%, respectively. The detection limits for TBZ and IMA were 0.1 microgram/g in citrus fruit and 0.05 microgram in banana.
The genetic manipulation of Streptomyces species has been facilitated by the development of versatile cloning vectors, robust gene transfer systems and transposable elements. These molecular genetic tools have been used to construct antibiotic-producing strains with improved properties and recombinants for the production of hybrid glycopeptide and macrolide antibiotics, novel anthelminthic agents and novel cytotoxic anthracyclines.
In Uganda, the control of onchocerciasis by mass treatment with ivermectin (Mectizan) began in 1990 and has expanded greatly since 1992. The parties involved in the programme are the Uganda Ministry of Health and its National Onchocerciasis Task Force, the Mectizan Donation Programme, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, a number of non-governmental development organizations and the communities where the disease is endemic. Their aim is to make the programme self-sustaining, without further outside aid, within a period of 12 years. The methodology of the ivermectin-distribution programme, based on community-directed treatment, is outlined; the constraints under which the four co-operating parties have to work are described and the effects of the social changes produced by community-directed distribution are discussed, all in terms of influence on the achievement of a programme that will be able to sustain itself without the need for outside aid.