PubMed · 2051502
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M Gossop, P Griffiths, J Strang. 1991. Chasing the dragon.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2051502/
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The antiviral and clinical effects of inhaled zanamivir (10 mg twice daily for 5 days, started within the first or second day of a flulike illness) were evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial during the 1997-1998 influenza season in Canada. Pharyngeal secretions were collected with swabs every 12 h during 6 days, and symptoms were self-evaluated twice daily during 14 days. After only 12 h of treatment (1 dose), median virus titers decreased by 1.0 log10 TCID50/mL in the zanamivir group (n=17), compared with a 0. 42-log10 increase in the placebo group (n=10; P=.08). This was associated with a 4.5-day (47.4%) reduction in the median time to alleviation of all significant flu symptoms in the zanamivir recipients (P=.03 after adjusting for the initial virus titer and the time between onset of symptoms and treatment). Resistance to zanamivir was not detected in virus isolates by either phenotypic or genotypic assays.
Murine models have advanced our understanding of the immune regulation of eosinophilic inflammation but there are few methods for the reliable isolation of viable populations of eosinophils from the inflamed lung. Here we describe a method to isolate murine eosinophils in high yield and purity from lung lavage fluid after induction of eosinophilic inflammation by inhalation of ovalbumin antigen in presensitized BALB/c mice. Thirteen biotinylated plant lectins were screened for their ability to bind selectively alveolar macrophages/monocytes thus permitting the purification of eosinophils by negative selection with streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads. Bandierea (Griffonia) simplifora isolectin I and, to a lesser extent, Jacalin, provided selective enrichment of viable eosinophils which could be further purified with biotinylated anti-lymphocyte antibodies (up to 98.5% pure). FACS analysis revealed a surface marker phenotype consistent with active effector function (Fas/CD95(+), B7-1/CD80(+), L-selectin/CD62L(Lo), ICAM-1/CD54(+), CD51(+)). Eosinophils retained functional responsiveness, responding to PMA by producing superoxide, as detected by the reduction of dihydrorhodamine-123 to rhodamine. The eosinophils were also able to undergo active apoptosis, as detected by propidium iodide DNA staining, when exposed to a cross-linking anti-Fas antibody, Jo-2. The method may be of general use in studies of murine eosinophil biology.
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