PubMed · 16362537
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
M A M T Verhagen. 2005. Electrogastrography.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-005-0313-4
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Biological filters combining microbial activity and rapid sand filtration are used in drinking water treatment plants for enhanced biodegradable organic matters (BOM) removal. Biofilms formed on filter media comprised of bacteria enclosed in a polymeric matrix are responsible for the adsorption of BOM and attachment of planktonic microorganisms. This study investigated the removal of Escherichia coli cells injected into laboratory-scale biofilters and the role of biofilm in retaining the injected E. coli. Green fluorescent protein was used as a specific marker to detect and quantify E. coli in the biofilms. About 35% of the total injected E. coli cells were observed in the filter effluents, when initial cell concentrations were measured at 7.4 x 10(6) CFU/mL and 1.6 x 10(7) CFU/mL in two separate experiments. The results from real-time PCR and plate count analysis indicated that 95% of the E. coli retained inside the filters were either non-viable or could not be recovered by colony counting techniques. Injected cells were unevenly distributed inside the filter with more than 70% located at the top 1/5 of the filter. Images obtained from an epifluorescent microscope showed that E. coli cells were embedded inside the biofilm matrix and presented mainly as microcolonies intertwined with other microorganisms, which was consistent with findings from standard plate count methods and qPCR.
The principles underpinning these standards are that any tuberculosis laboratory-based diagnostic procedure should be performed by appropriately trained staff, working to standardised operating procedures in appropriately equipped and safe laboratories, against clear national and international proficiency and quality standards. Quality should be the pre-eminent criteria, not cost. The standards are technologically feasible, but initially may not be within the financial capacity of all laboratories. There is a requirement for government and international donors to adequately fund an appropriate safe infrastructure to enable staff to deliver accurate and timely results at whatever level of activity they are performing. There is a need for national reference laboratories to train a new cadre of mycobacterial laboratory experts. This will require the funding of appropriate individuals at these centres to train and assist in the implementation of good laboratory practice and evaluation to build sustainable capacity. Further operational research is needed to establish the optimal configuration of new technologies to determine isoniazid, rifampicin and second-line drug susceptibility in mycobacterial cultures and also, increasingly, directly on specimens. Improved integration of laboratory medicine as a core part of all tuberculosis programmes is needed to achieve and maximise the potential of new developments.
BACKGROUND: The 50th anniversary of CCA in 2006 prompted analysis of the most highly cited articles from the Journal's history. METHODS: Lists of most highly cited CCA articles were obtained from Current Contents (1974, 1991) and CCA (2006); all based on the ISI/Thomson Scientific database. PubMed search identified country of origin. RESULTS: Distribution of the most highly cited CCA articles was skewed towards those with high total citations. From the beginning, these articles originated from a diverse group of countries. This diversity increased with time to include countries from 4 continents. The most highly cited articles emerged at least 8-16 years following their publication. During the first 35 years of the Journal, there was a significant positive correlation between the total number of citations and the publication date of cited articles. Initially, virtually all most highly cited articles were methods papers, whereas during the past 25 years less than half of them reported methods; clinical research papers and reviews making up the rest. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this analysis may help in editorial policy-making and marketing of the Journal and in assessing the impact of individual countries on the field, and may guide authors' decision in submitting articles to the Journal.