PubMed · 16277620
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Don C Des Jarlais. 2005. Evaluating national harm reduction programs.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01281.x
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The Mediterranean population of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-ES) is characterized by a high genetic uniformity, distinguishing it from its Asian counterparts. ToLCNDV-ES is thought to have a monophyletic origin, likely resulting from a single recombination event, prior to its spread throughout the Mediterranean region. Following its first detection in southeastern France in 2020, ToLCNDV-ES re-emerged in France in 2022. Our analysis based on advanced long-read sequencing, circular DNA profiling, and phylogeny indicates both local persistence of French ToLCNDV-ES and multiple independent introduction events. Signatures of positive selection were identified in French ToLCNDV-ES populations, whereas no clear evidence of recombination was found. Bayesian time-structured phylogenetic analyses suggest that introductions in France occurred between 2018 and 2021 from the major ToLCNDV-ES clade, while several Italian ToLCNDV-ES isolates diverged prior to the virus introduction in the Mediterranean basin. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of an optimized long-read sequencing approach for resolving circular DNA virus diversity, and sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of ToLCNDV-ES in the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in southeastern France.
The methodology and choice of criteria and indexes used for a common evaluation of helical tomotherapy by 3 French centres are described. After a selection of clinical indications and definition of the general purpose are successively described the criteria and index selected for: 1) description of volumes and adaptation for on board imaging; 2) dose prescription and constraints related to IMRT; 3) intercomparaison of volumes and doses and potential dosimetric gain with this new equipment.
Each year, half a million of children leave France to travel towards countries south or east of the European Union, sometimes in poor sanitary conditions. In order to propose essential or useful immunizations for these trips, the current synthesis will allow the practitioner to insure that the routine French immunization schedule has been followed, and to complete it if needed, to protect the child according to the epidemiological situation in the visited area, to try to reduce the limitations of the immunization of the traveler child. In case of emergency, or close departure, it may be useful to follow an accelerated schedule of the last minute, and, sometimes, to immunize traveler children with a chronic disease. Informations on Internet sites useful for the knowledge of current infectious risks in the destination country are also provided.